Health and social care

• Health and wellbeing


  A combination of physical health and social and emotional wellbeing, and not just the absence of disease or illness
• Physical factors that can have positive or negative effects on health and wellbeing


  • Inherited conditions – sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis
  • Physical ill health – cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes
  • Mental ill health – anxiety, stress
  • Physical abilities
• Lifestyle factors that can have positive or negative effects on health and wellbeing


  • Nutrition
  • Physical activity
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Substance misuse
• Social factors that can have positive or negative effects on health and wellbeing


  • Supportive and unsupportive relationships with others – friends, family, peers and colleagues
  • Social inclusion and exclusion
  • Bullying
  • Discrimination
• Cultural factors that can have positive or negative effects on health and wellbeing


  • Religion
  • Gender roles and expectations
  • Gender identity
  • Sexual orientation
  • Community participation
• Economic factors that can have positive or negative effects on health and wellbeing


  • Employment situation
  • Financial resources – income, inheritance, savings
• Environmental factors that can have positive or negative effects on health and wellbeing


  • Housing needs, conditions, location
  • Home environment – living with a high level of parental conflict, experiences of abuse and neglect
  • Exposure to pollution – air, noise and light
• The impact on physical, intellectual, emotional and social health and wellbeing of different types of life event


  • Physical events
  • Relationship changes
  • Life circumstances
• Physiological indicators


  Measures used to assess health
• Resting heart rate (pulse)


  Normal range 60 to 100 bpm
• Heart rate (pulse) recovery after exercise


  The heart's ability to return to normal levels after physical activity is a good indicator of fitness
• Blood pressure


  Low blood pressure 90/60mmHg or lower, ideal blood pressure between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg, pre-high between120/80mmHg and 140/90mmHg, high blood pressure 140/90mmHg or higher
• Body mass index (BMI)


  Underweight below 18.5 kg/m2, healthy weight between 18.5 kg/m2 and 24.9 kg/m2, overweight between 25 kg/m2 and 29.9 kg/m2, obese between 30 kg/m2 and 39.9 kg/m2, severely obese 40 kg/m2 or above
• Abnormal physiological readings


  Can have an impact on current physical health (short-term risks) and potential risks to physical health (long-term risks)
• Lifestyle indicators


  Measures of lifestyle choices that determine physical health
• Lifestyle data interpretation according to published guidelines


  • Nutrition – the Eatwell Guide
  • Physical activity – UK Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines
  • Smoking – UK Chief Medical Officers' Smoking Guidelines
  • Alcohol – UK Chief Medical Officers' Alcohol Guidelines
  • Substance misuse
• Person-centred approach


  An approach in health and social care settings that takes into account an individual's needs, wishes and circumstances
• Importance of person-centred approach for individuals


  • Makes them more comfortable with recommendations, advice and treatment
  • Gives them more confidence in recommendations, advice and treatment
  • Ensures their unique and personal needs are met
  • Increases the support available to more vulnerable individuals
  • Improves their independence
  • They are more likely to follow recommendations/actions to improve their health
  • They are more motivated to behave in ways that positively benefit their health
  • They feel happier and more positive about their health and wellbeing
• Benefits of person-centred approach for health and social care workers and services


  • Improves job satisfaction for health and social care workers
  • Saves time for health and social care services
  • Saves money for health and social care services
  • Reduces complaints about health and social care services and workers
• Established recommendations for helping to improve health and wellbeing


  • Improving resting heart rate and recovery rate after exercise
  • Improving blood pressure
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Eating a balanced diet
  • Getting enough physical activity
  • Quitting smoking
  • Sensible alcohol consumption
  • Stopping substance misuse
• Support available when following recommendations to improve health and wellbeing


  • Formal support from professionals, trained volunteers, support groups and charities
  • Informal support from friends, family, neighbours, community and work colleagues
• Barriers


  Something unique to the health and social care system that prevents an individual accessing a service
• Potential barriers as appropriate to the individual and the recommendation


  • Physical barriers
  • Barriers to people with sensory disability
  • Barriers to people with different social and cultural backgrounds
  • Barriers to people that speak English as an additional language or those who haven language or speech impairments
  • Geographical barriers
  • Resource barriers for service provider
  • Financial barriers
• Obstacles


  Something personal to an individual that blocks a person moving forward or when action is prevented or made difficult
• Potential obstacles as appropriate to the individual and the recommendation


  • Emotional/psychological
  • Time constraints
  • Availability of resources
  • Unachievable targets
  • Lack of support
• Factor/definition of health and wellbeing

  • Q1
  • Q2
  • Q3
  • Q4
  • Q5
  • Q6
  • Q7
• Physical life events/relationships/life circumstance


  • Q8
  • Q9
  • Q10
• Physiological data/BMI/BP

  • Q11
  • Q12
  • Q13
• Recommendation for helping/support available

  • Q16a
  • Q16b
• Barriers/obstacles

  • Q17a
  • Q17b
• 1 mark: State 1 thing or tick/cross 1 box
• 2 marks: State 1/2 things with 1 explaining point
• 4 marks: State 1/2 things with 2 explaining points, no similarity or repetition, positive or negative
• 6 marks: State 6 things with 6 explaining points, don't copy from the stem, positive or negative
• One negative impact of having cystic fibrosis on physical development


  Limited activity due to 50% lung capacity

  side effects of medicine

  lack of sleep

  more prone to infection and illness

  reduces lifespan
• One negative effect of having cystic fibrosis on intellectual development


  Miss time of work/school

  affect learning

  affect career opportunities
• One negative impact of having cystic fibrosis on emotional development


  May affect confidence and self esteem
• One negative effect of having cystic fibrosis on social development 


  May miss socialising with friends
• One negative impact of smoking


  Shortness of breath

  smelly breath

  yellow fingers

  lung mouth tongue cancer

  unsociable
• Term discrimination


  When we prejudge someone in society or judge them on their gender sexual preferences age or race