exam 1

• what are the three domains of development

  biological/physical, cognitive, psychosocial
• what is development 


  systematic changes and continuities in individuals between conception and death (womb to tomb)
• what is the life-span perspective

  1. a lifelong process
  2. multidirectional
  3. involves both gain and loss
  4. characterized by life long plasticity
  5. shaped by historical-cultural context
  6. multiple influences
  7. must be studied in multiple disciplines
• when is the prenatal period

  conception to birth
• when is the infancy period

  birth to first 2 years
• when is the preschool period

  2-5
• when is the middle childhood period

  6-10 (puberty)
• when is adolescence 


  10-18
• when is emerging adulthood

  18-25
• when is early adulthood

  25-40
• when is middle adulthood

  40-65
• when is late adulthood

  65+
• what is emerging adulthood

  • exploring identity
  • unstable lives
  • self, focused
  • feel in between
  • limitless possibilities
• what is age grade


  dividing age into age groups

  given different roles, privileges, and responsibilities
• what is age norm


  informal rules that specify age-appropriate roles ad behaviors

  societies way of telling people to act their age
• what is social clock


  grouping age norms and creating a timeframe/ 'clock' that gives order to when life events should be done, dictated by the age norm
• what are the 5 elements in a life course

  1. events
  2. timing
  3. sequence
  4. duration
  5. transitions
• what are SODs


  start over dads; older men having kids
• nature and nurture


  biological and environmental forces
• define maturation


  caused by nature/biological

  hormones, genetic makeup, biology
• define learning


  caused by nurture/environmental

  conditions, stimuli, events
• DNA


  deoxyribonucleic acid

  double helix molecule
• gene


  functional units of DNA

  the instructions for proteins

  DNA -> RNA -> protein
• chromosomes 


  thread like bodies in nucleus with genes wrapped around clumps of protein
• where are genes located in the nucleus

  along the DNA strand, parts of chromosomes
• what are the nucleotide pairs

  adenine + thymine

  guanine + cytosine
• what do the nucleosomes do

  package DNA

  turn on and off the gene production- if wrapped too tight the gene cant code
• a gene is made up of a lot of sets of

  codes
• the triplet code specifies an


  amino acid
• how many chromosomes do humans have

  23 pairs, 46 chromosomes
• where do we get our chromosomes

  half from mother and half from father
• what is a karyotype


  complete set of chromosomes
• what is special about pair 23


  the sex chromosomes

  xx-female

  xy-male
• does mom or dad determine sex of the baby


  Dad depending on if the sperm has x or y

  mom only has x
• genotype


  genetic makeup you inherit
• phenotype 


  characteristic or trait a person will eventually has
• allele


  varient forms of a gene
• dominate gene


  on that will be expressed

  stronger
• recessive gene


  less powerful gene

  will be masked
• co-dominance 


  phenotype when instructions for both gene are expressed

  ex. AB blood type