Reactions of Africans and those of African descent to their circumstances have led to Pan-Africanism, Négritude, Rastafari and Garveyism
Political actions reflect the situation of the time, the countries where these reforms took place, and the tools used to institute these changes
Afro-Caribbean thought development
1. Wave of criticism among West Indian writers in the second half of the 19th century
2. Criticism about injustices of colonialism, underdevelopment, social inequality and racial discrimination
3. Rise in black awareness
4. Establishment of ideologies that shaped the political and social landscape in the Caribbean and the international community
Afro-Caribbean thought has led to the development of ideologies that shaped the political and social landscape in both the Caribbean and the international community
To fully understand the idea of intellectual traditions that have
acquired importance in the Caribbean, it is important to know why these intellectual traditions developed from the 1850s onwards. The Caribbean people had been:
• subjected to systems of oppression (encomienda, slavery,
indentureship, colonialism);
• left with no voice and no means of redress for the injustices they
faced;
• becoming increasing vocal about the social injustices and oppressive
treatment that they faced;
• fighting to change the untenable situation that they lived in.
As the second half of the 19th century progressed
1. The wave of persistent criticism against the systems that were in place became more strident and organised
2. Scholars began to articulate the conditions of the people in their writings
3. Writings touched all aspects of Caribbean life
4. Writings were important in expressing Caribbean thought and for providing political, social and economic ideas
5. Leaders devised plans for their countries' development
Writings
Highlighted the social, political and economicconditions
Provided solutions to these problems
Etc
With the opportunity for Caribbean nationals to study abroad. Many became more aware of the oppressive and limited nature of development that existed in their homelands
Caribbean nationals who studied abroad
Assumed the role of activists and advocates
Attempted to create strategies to bridge the divide that existed and which was perpetuated by the socio-economic conditions
