Unit 4

• State


  Country
• Autonomous region


  Area of a country with a degree of autonomy
• Semi-Autonomous region


  Subnational units that are somewhat self-governing within a larger state
• Nation-state


  One nation: one state
• Multinational state


  Many nations within (e.g. US)
• Stateless nation


  Nation with no state (e.g. Kurds)
• Irredentism


  Assertion by a government that a minority living outside its formal borders belongs to it historically and culturally
• Exclave


  Strip of land that belongs to an entity (country/region) but is not connected to it by land
• Enclave


  Portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct
• Bi-national state


  Citizen may view themself as part of two nations within the state (country)
• Centripetal forces


  Forces that promote unity or exchange support for a state
• Centrifugal forces


  Forces that divide the people of a state
• Defined


  Boundary determined verbally and agreed upon
• Delimited


  Agreed upon boundary drawn on a map
• Demarcated


  Physically marking on land surface
• Administered


  Operation of the border, how it will be maintained, how goods and people will cross
• Physical boundary


  Formed by natural forces (rivers, mountains)
• Cultural boundary


  Division between cultural groups (cultural, linguistic or ethnic lines)
• Geometric boundary


  Straight, imagined lines that do not follow cultural divisions or natural features
• Antecedent boundary


  Pre-existing, corresponds to a physical feature (Rivers, bays, lakes, Mountains)
• Subsequent boundary


  Set after the settlement of different groups meet, correspond to their respective ecumene
• Superimposed boundary


  Imposed by an outside force (treaty), may not reflect existing cultural landscape
• Relic boundary


  No longer a boundary, often the outcome of political changes, still a visible imprint on the landscape
• Choke point


  Natural narrow channel point of congestion along two wider and important passages, strategic location
• Territorial seas


  0-12 NM, exactly like being in a country
• Contiguous zone


  12-24 NM, enforce certain laws
• Exclusive Economic Zone


  24-200 NM, states can explore and extract minerals
• High seas


  Past EEZ
• Globalization


  Increased interconnectedness of the world, cultures, and economies
• Sovereignty


  Ability to govern oneself
• Devolution


  Transfer of power from central government to smaller government within