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AP human geography
Unit 4
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Cards (31)
State
Country
Autonomous
region
Area of a country with a degree of autonomy
Semi-Autonomous
region
Subnational units that are somewhat self-governing within a larger state
Nation-state
One nation: one state
Multinational
state
Many nations within (e.g. US)
Stateless
nation
Nation with no state (e.g. Kurds)
Irredentism
Assertion by a government that a minority living outside its formal borders belongs to it historically and culturally
Exclave
Strip of land that belongs to an entity (country/region) but is not connected to it by land
Enclave
Portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct
Bi-national
state
Citizen may view themself as part of two nations within the state (country)
Centripetal
forces
Forces that promote unity or exchange support for a state
Centrifugal
forces
Forces that divide the people of a state
Defined
Boundary determined verbally and agreed upon
Delimited
Agreed upon boundary drawn on a map
Demarcated
Physically marking on land surface
Administered
Operation of the border, how it will be maintained, how goods and people will cross
Physical
boundary
Formed by natural forces (rivers, mountains)
Cultural
boundary
Division between cultural groups (cultural, linguistic or ethnic lines)
Geometric
boundary
Straight, imagined lines that do not follow cultural divisions or natural features
Antecedent
boundary
Pre-existing, corresponds to a physical feature (Rivers, bays, lakes, Mountains)
Subsequent
boundary
Set after the settlement of different groups meet, correspond to their respective ecumene
Superimposed
boundary
Imposed by an outside force (treaty), may not reflect existing cultural landscape
Relic
boundary
No longer a boundary, often the outcome of political changes, still a visible imprint on the landscape
Choke
point
Natural narrow channel point of congestion along two wider and important passages, strategic location
Territorial
seas
0-12
NM, exactly like being in a country
Contiguous
zone
12-24
NM, enforce certain laws
Exclusive
Economic
Zone
24-200 NM, states can explore and extract minerals
High
seas
Past EEZ
Globalization
Increased interconnectedness of the world, cultures, and economies
Sovereignty
Ability to govern oneself
Devolution
Transfer of power from central government to smaller government within