Biology topic 1

• What are the four labels of the DNA structures

  Nucleotide, Sugar, Phosphate, Base
• A gene

  A short section of the DNA strand
• What is each different gene called ?

  Allele
• Chromosomes ?


  Long strand of DNA
• what are the four types of Complementary Base pairs ?

  Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
• What are adult cells ?

  Cells that replace dead organs.
• What are Embryonic cells ?

  Cells that can grow into any kind of tissue in the body.
• Genetic modification ?


  Transfer of genes from one organism to another.
• DNA profiling ?

  Uses to identify individuals.
• Variation ?


  differences between the same species.
• Evolution ?


  Change
• 7 tier of classification

  Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
• Vertebrates

  have a back bone
• Invertebrates

  Don't have a backbone
• Biodiversity

  Variety of different species in a area
• Alien species

  A species that isn't in its normal area
• How is DNA formed?


  double helix
• What is a DNA ?

  A polymer made of two strands
• What are the labels of DNA ?

  Nucleus, chromosomes, gene, DNA
• Cell divison ?


  Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis

  2 daughter cells

  46 chromosomes

  Identical
• Meiosis

  4 daughter cells

  23 chromosomes

  Unique
• Stem cells?


  Used to replace worn-out cells. There are two types embryonic and adult.
• Symbol for mother

  XX
• Symbol for Father

  XY
• Sexual Reproduction?


  Involves female and male gametes

  Offspring is genetically different

  Meiosis
• Asexual reproduction?


  Involves one parent

  Offspring is genetically identical

  Mitosis
• Gametes?


  Sex cells
• Mutation

  Change in a gene