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• Nucleus contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
• Cytoplasm is a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
• Mitochondria this is where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
• The ribosomes are where proteins are made in the cell
• Animal cells also have a vacuole that contains cell sap
• Bacteria are prokaryotes
• bacterial cells don’t have a nucleus instead they have a circular strand of DNA
• Bacterial cells contain small rings of DNA called plasmids
• Differentiation is the process by which of cell changes have become specialised for its job
• Neuron cells are specialised to carry electrical signals and are long for rapid signalling
• Root hair cells have a big surface area specialised for absorbing water and minerals
• Phloem and Xylem cells are hollow tubes specialised for transporting substances
• Chromosomes contain genetic information
• The stage of the cell cycle where it divides is called mitosis
• Prokaryotic cells replicate by binary fission where the cells splits into two
• Embryonic stem cells can turn into any type of cell
• Stem cells may be able to cure many diseases
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from area of high to load concentration
• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration
• Active transport is the movement of particles from low to high concentration
• Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things
• Enzymes have special shapes so they can catalyse reactions
• Digestive enzymes breakdown big molecules
• Carbohydrates it convert carbohydrates into simple sugars
• proteases convert proteins into amino acids
• Lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• While neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• Alveoli carry out gas exchange in the body
• The heart contracts to pump blood around the body
• Arteries carry the blood away from the heart
• Capillaries are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues
• Veins carry blood to the heart
• Red blood cells carry oxygen
• White blood cells defend against infection
• Platelets help blood clot
• Plasma is the liquid that carries everything in blood
• Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant
• Guard cells are adapted to open and close stomata
• Pathogens of microorganisms that into the body and cause disease
• Measles is a viral disease which causes red skin rashes and signs of fever