TROPICAL DESIGN

• Climate


  The integration in time of weather conditions and characteristics of a certain geographical location
• Average weather

  30 years
• 3 Important Climatic Factors

  • Temperature
  • Precipitation
  • Season
• Temperature


  The degree or intensity of heat present, resulting from the earth's changing position with regard to the sun, shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch
• Precipitation


  Product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds, measured on a comparative scale
• Season


  Each of the divisions of the year marked by particular weather patterns especially as expressed according to atmospheric conditions and daylight hours
• Geographical Features


  • Equator
  • Tropic of Cancer
  • Tropic of Capricorn
  • Arctic Circle
  • Antarctic Circle
• Equator


  An imaginary line dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, experiencing a consistently warm climate
• Tropic of Cancer


  An imaginary line at approximately 23.5 degrees north of the equator, marking the northernmost point where the Sun appears directly overhead
• Tropic of Capricorn


  An imaginary line at approximately 23.5 degrees south of the equator, marking the southernmost point where the Sun appears directly overhead
• Arctic Circle


  An imaginary line at approximately 66.5 degrees north of the equator, marking the southernmost latitude where the Midnight Sun occurs
• Antarctic Circle


  An imaginary line at approximately 66.5 degrees south of the equator, marking the northernmost latitude where the Midnight Sun occurs
• Climate Zones


  • Equatorial Zone
  • Tropical Zone
  • Subtropical Zone
  • Temperate Zone
  • Subpolar Zone
  • Polar Zone
  • Subequatorial Zone
• Equatorial Zone


  Found near the equator, this zone experiences a hot and humid climate throughout the year with minimal temperature variations and high precipitation
• Tropical Zone


  Extending from the Tropic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn, this zone includes areas with warm to hot climates, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons
• Subtropical Zone


  Situated between the tropical and temperate zones, this zone typically experiences milder winters and warmer summers compared to temperate zones
• Temperate Zone


  Found between the subtropical and polar zones, this zone has moderate temperatures and distinct seasons, including summer, winter, spring, and autumn
• Subpolar Zone


  Located between the polar and temperate zones, this zone experiences colder temperatures, especially during winter, with shorter summers
• Polar Zone


  Near the poles, this zone has extremely cold temperatures and long periods of darkness in winter, as well as periods of continuous daylight in summer
• Subequatorial Zone


  This zone lies just south of the equator, characterized by warm temperatures and a tropical climate similar to the equatorial zone
• World Climate Classification: 12 General Climate Types

  • Tropical Wet: Rainforests
  • Tropical Wet and Dry: Savanna
  • Humid Subtropical: Warm Temperate
  • Mediterranean: Estesian Climate
  • Marine West Coast: Oceanic Climate
  • Humid Continental: Hemiboreal Climate
  • Subarctic: Boreal Climate
  • Tundra: Frigid Climate
  • Ice Cap: Glacier Climate
  • Arid: Desert Climate
  • Semi-Arid: Steppe Climate
  • Highland: Alpine Climate
• Tropical Wet (Rainforests)


  • Geographical Location: Within 25 degrees of the equator
  • Seasons: Only one season
  • Temperature: Same throughout the year, between 21°C to 31°C
  • Precipitation: 100-300 inches of rain annually
• Tropical Wet & Dry (Savanna)


  • Geographical Location: Usually on the outer edges of Tropical Wet climate areas
  • Seasons: Dry season and wet season
  • Temperature: 20°C - 30°C
  • Precipitation: Usually from May to August, with June and July having the heaviest rain
• Humid Subtropical (Warm Temperate)


  • Geographical Location: Mostly found on the east coast of continents between 20 degrees and 40 degrees north and south of the equator
  • Seasons: Summer & Winter
  • Temperature: Coldest -3°C; mean summer 24°C - 27°C
  • Precipitation: 48 inches of rain each year
• Mediterranean (Estesian Climate)


  • Geographical Location: 30 degrees and 45-degree latitudes
  • Seasons: Summer & Winter
  • Temperature: Winter temperatures usually 18°C to -3°C; summer months average 22°C
  • Precipitation: Mostly dry, especially during summer; snow on elevated areas
• Marine West Coast (Oceanic Climate)


  • Geographical Location: West coast of mid-latitude continents, influenced by mountains
  • Seasons: Summer & Winter
  • Temperature: Mean annual temperatures of 7°C to 13°C in lowlands areas; rarely experiencing a monthly temperature above 20°C
  • Precipitation: All year round
• Humid Continental (Hemiboreal Climate)


  • Geographical Location: Interior of continents between the 30 and 60 degrees latitude
  • Seasons: Warm and humid summers, cool and dry autumn, cold and harsh winters, warm and wet spring
  • Temperature: Summer month temperatures average about 21°C; winter months usually average -4°C
  • Precipitation: Between 20 and 50 inches of rain falls in this climate zone
• Subarctic (Boreal Climate)


  • Geographical Location: Interior (not coastal) of high latitude continents usually between 50 and 70 degrees latitude
  • Seasons: Long cold winter and cool to mild summer (2-3 months)
  • Temperature: Can reach -40°C in winter and be as high as 29.4°C in summer
  • Precipitation: Very little evaporation due to cold temperatures
• Tundra (Frigid Climate)


  • Geographical Location: Along the Arctic Ocean, extremely harsh climate during winter
  • Seasons: Very harsh winter and a cool summer
  • Temperature: Winter months temperatures usually between -28°C and -45°C; "summer" temperatures range from 1.6°C to 10°C
  • Precipitation: Low levels of precipitation
• Ice Cap (Glacier)


  • Geographical Location: Near the poles, covers nearly 20% of the Earth
  • Seasons: Summer is characterized by the amount of light
  • Temperature: Warmest month averages about -26°C; coldest month averages about -57°C
  • Precipitation: Too cold to evaporate water, low humidity
• Arid (Desert Climate)


  • Geographical Location: Most deserts are found along the 30-degree latitude line
  • Seasons: Two seasons - summer and winter
  • Temperature: Temperatures can reach as high as 54°C or as low as -34°C
  • Precipitation: Lack of precipitation is the main defining factor
• Semi Arid (Steppe)


  • Geographical Location: Always found on the outer edge of Arid climate areas
  • Seasons: Most places experience a summer and winter
  • Temperature: Depends on latitude, follows surrounding area temperature patterns
  • Precipitation: Between 10-20 inches of rain annually
• Highland (Alpine)


  • Geographical Location: Found in high mountain areas
  • Seasons: No distinct seasons
  • Temperature: Depends on elevation
  • Precipitation: Also depends on elevation
• Causes of climate in order

  1. Latitude

  2. Elevation

  3. Proximity to Terrain

  4. Wind/Sea Currents

  5. Proximity to Large Bodies of Water
• Climatic factors

  • Air Temperature
  • Soil Temperature
  • New Snow Temperature
  • Evaporation
  • Solar Radiation
  • Snow Depth
  • Precipitation
  • Wind
  • Snow-Water Equivalent
  • Humidity
• Philippine climate


  Tropical and maritime, characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity, and abundant rainfall
• Philippine climate

  • Mean annual temperature is 26.6°C
  • High relative humidity due to high temperature and surrounding bodies of water
  • Mean annual rainfall varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters
• Seasons in the Philippines

  • Rainy season: from June to November
  • Dry season: from December to May
• Thermal comfort


  A multifaceted concept involving the interaction between the human body and its surrounding environment, encompassing heat transfer, physiological responses, and environmental conditions
• Heat gain


  The amount of heat that enters a space, impacting thermal comfort levels