PE Chp 2

• Physical health 


  Being free from illness and injury, and having a body that is working well
• Social health 


  Involvement with family and friends, and feeling a part of a community
• Mental health


  Having a positive sense of self and being able to cope with stress
• Good health


  Leads to an increase in fitness because you can train
• Ill health


  Leads to a decrease in fitness if you can't train
• If you can still train despite ill health


  There will be an increase in fitness
• Exercise and fitness have positive effects on physical, social and mental health
• Nutrients in a balanced diet


  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Vitamins
  • Water
• Carbohydrates


  Main source of energy
• Protein


  Used to build and repair muscles
• Fat


  Used as an energy store when carbohydrates run out
• Water


  Maintains the body's level of hydration and is required for many essential processes in the body
• A balanced diet is one that gives your body all the nutrients it needs to function correctly
• Dehydration


  • Increased heart rate
  • Reduced blood flow
  • Increased body temperature
  • Loss of concentration
• Energy needs for different performers


  • Endurance athletes require more carbohydrates and water
  • Strength athletes need more protein and fat
• Factors that affect energy needs


  • Gender
  • Age
  • Lifestyle
• Stored energy


  Glucose is stored in the muscles as glycogen. Glucose that is unused is stored as fat
• Released energy


  Glucose is the main store of energy, and muscles cells release energy from glucose in respiration
• Health-related components of fitness


  • Cardiovascular fitness
  • Muscular endurance
  • Flexibility
  • Strength
  • Power
  • Speed
• Types of strength


  • Maximal strength
  • Dynamic strength
  • Explosive strength
  • Static strength
• Skill-related components of fitness


  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Reaction time
• Vitamins 


  Required for many essential processes in the body
• Increased heart rate


  Heart has to work harder to supply oxygen to working muscles which could result in a slower performance
• Reduced blood flow


  Less oxygen to working muscles and harder to remove waste products making it harder to continue for long periods
• Increased body temperature 


  Could cause cramp which reduces the range of motion
• Loss of concentration 


  Decision making will be slow and inconsistent which causes a decrease in skill level
• Gender 


  Males generally need more energy than females
• Age


  Teenagers need more energy than young children. Elderly need less energy than young adults
• Lifestyle


  An active lifestyle requires more energy than a sedentary lifestyle
• Cardiovascular fitness


  The ability to work for long periods of time with the lungs, heart and blood working efficiently to supply oxygen to the muscles
• Cardiovascular fitness example


  • Marathon running
• Flexibility


  The range of movement around a joint
• Flexibility example


  • Splits in gymnastics
• Muscular endurance


  Ability of muscles to undergo repeated contractions avoiding fatigue
• Muscular endurance example 


  • 1500m run
• Power


  Being able to perform strength movements at speed
• Power example


  • Shot putt
• Speed


  The ability to perform a movement quickly over a distance
• Speed example


  • 100m sprint
• Strength


  The ability to exert a maximum force against a resistance