Social expectations that guide behaviour and explain why people act in way that they do.
Can vary from culture e.g. in UK we wear dark colours to funeral but in China they wear white.
Moral codes
Morals or good ways of behaving.
Would be serious in society if broken e.g. murder.
Values
Rules shared by most people in a given culture. What people feel should happen. General guidelines.
E.g. people feel we should respect the elderly.
Informal Sanctions against deviance
Frowning upon behaviour
Name calling
Ignoring behaviour
Labelling behaviour
Parents grounding a child.
Formal Sanctions against deviant behaviour
Fines and possibly imprisonment may be appropriate for some deviant acts.
Another example: if students fail to hand in their homework on time, teacher may give them a detention and rest of the class may laugh at the punishment. Sanction is detention. Classmates laughing could be indirect/informal sanction too.
Forms of deviance
Admired behaviour - deviant but considered good e.g. saving a life but putting yourself at risk.
Odd behaviour - being different from the normal e.g. having a large number of cats.
Bad behaviour - deviant because it's bad e.g. assaulting a pensioner.
Overlap of types of deviance
Bad AND odd behaviour e.g. exposing yourself in public.
