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• Values


  Essential human concepts, innate, and important human concepts
• Values


  • Have been shaped by different factors
  • Some focus on principles, aims, and convictions of Filipino Society
• Values


  Culturally defined standards that people apply to evaluate prestige
• Values


  Important motivators of behavior that indicate what society considers as important
• Filipino Values


  • Influenced by the country's history, traditions, and beliefs through time
• Economic security


  Movement to higher socioeconomic ladder
• Social acceptance


  Important Filipino Value
• Two Values that can help to attain social acceptance


  • Smooth Interpersonal Relation (SIR)
  • Shame and Self-Esteem
• Smooth Interpersonal Relation (SIR)


  Very important in Filipino Society, acquired and preserved in 3 different ways: Pakikisama, Euphemism, Through the use of go-between
• Shame and Self-Esteem


  There are 2 ways in which contrary behaviors are sanctioned: General and universal social sanction of shame (HIYA), AMOR PROPIO
• HIYA


  A norm that helps define social behavior
• Ways HIYA or shame can be shown


  • One feels hiya when one is in a socially undesirable role that an uncomfortable response inhibits further action
  • Violation of a socially approved norms of conduct
• Reciprocity debt of gratitude


  Every favor or request received or asked must returned
• Contractual Reciprocity


  Voluntary agreement between two or more individuals to have in a particular manner in a specific time in the future
• Utang na Loob or Debt of Gratitude


  An exchange of goods or services take place between individuals who belong to different groups, characterized by the un-equal repayment with no prior agreement
• "Debt inside oneself"/ "debt of goodwill"


  More than gratitude is conveyed by recipient, no formal agreement
• Quasi-contractual Reciprocity


  Reciprocity is automatic without the need for any particular prior arrangements, terms are implicit, repayment has no prior arrangement and lacks of emotional
• Close Family Ties


  The Philippines is known to be a family centered nation
• Politeness


  Filipinos are taught to become respectful individuals, use of ''po'' and ''opo'' when in conversation with an elder
• Hospitality


  Filipinos are very hospitable when it comes to their fellowmen
• Gratitude


  ''Utang na loob'' is a very popular Filipino characteristic, but can be abused by those who have done well to others
• Shame


  ''Hiya'' is a very common Filipino value, has a great influence on one's behavior
• Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity


  • Sense of joy and humor is evident in their optimistic approach to life and its travails
• Loyalty


  ''Pakikisama'' is another Filipino value, Filipinos are said to be loyal to their friends and fellowmen
• Hard work and Industry


  The related capacity for hard work and industry among Filipinos is widely recognized
• Resignation


  Trust in God or the concept of ''Bahala na'' has been overused time and again
• Amor Propio


  High self-esteem and is shown in the sensitivity of a person to hurt feelings and insults, real or imagined, manifested in "hiya, utang na loob"
• Difficulty saying "no"


  Filipinos use expressions like kuwan, marahil, tila nga and pipilitin ko to avoid directly refusing requests or invitations
• Hele hele bago quire or pakipot


  Behavior pattern requiring that a person initially refuse, be prodded on, before accepting an offer
• Delikadesa


  Conformity with the ethical practice or expectation of the group
• Interpersonal relations and values practiced by Filipinos provide a unique flavor or identity to the culture of Filipinos
• Some consider these Filipino values to be counterproductive and are usually frowned upon by other cultures
• Many Filipinos consider these values to be positive because these portray our high regard for acceptance, respect, sensitivity, and peace
• Boxer Codex, a manuscript containing illustrations of ethno linguistic groups in the Philippines, was written


  Around 1595
• Pantayong Pananaw was born in the 1970 alongside with Sikolohiyang Pilipino in psychology and Pilipinolohiya in anthropology
• Portia Reyes (Filipino Historian)


  The imposition of martial law with its accompanying elements paved way
• Martial law or Martial rule


  • Aimed to control politics, society, and intellectual life of the Filipinos
• Tadhana Series was Ferdinand E. Marcos version of Philippine History, written by U.P intellectuals under Marcos' authorship
• Pantayong Pananaw as Filipino perspective in the social sciences emerged because the two discourses (Marcos and Communist) were made using American language in dealing with indigenous concepts and traditions
• English can never be the language of expression of the emerging Filipino culture