Ap euro

• Renaissance


  "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages
• What was revived during the Renaissance?


  Greek and Roman ideas and texts
• When did the Renaissance begin?

  1300s(14th century)
• Petrarch


  Father of Humanism during the Italian Renaissance
• Humanism


  intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
• Who inspired Petrarch?


  Cicero and his ideas about the Roman Republic
• How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages?


  People focused more on secular ideas than religion (science, individualism)
• Education during the Renaissance


  increased to secular ideas about the humanities (expanded knowledge)
• Castiglione


  Wrote The Courtier; stated how men should act in society
• Civic humanism


  humanism with the added belief that men must be an active and contributing member to one's society
• Machievelli


  wrote The Prince where he stated that is better to be feared than loved when ruling land.
• How was art different during the Renaissance?


  Artists like Michelangelo and Raphael created paintings using naturalism and idealism
• Why would patrons sponsor the arts?

  To increase prestige in society
• How was the Northern Renaissance different?

  More religious ideas (Christian Humanism), everyday life featured (not religious)
• Christian humanism


  the combination of humanist and religious ideas created by Erasmus
• In Praise of Folly, Erasmus


  Talked about ideas of Christian Humanism
• Effects of the printing press


  Increased literacy, vernacular language created, ideas spread rapidly
• Henry VIII


  English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage
• Elizabeth I


  English Queen and politique who united Protestants and Catholics through compromise
• Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain


  leaders who united Spain by marrying each other
• Reconquista


  The establishment of Catholicism as the official religion of Spain
• Peace of Augsburg (1555)


  Document in which Charles V gave rights to princes to determine the fate of religion in the Holy Roman Empire
• Medici family


  powerful banking family who ruled Florence in the 1400s, patrons of the arts
• Fugger family


  A family in Germany who had a great deal of money due to international banking, patronized arts
• 3 reasons for exploration


  God, Glory, Gold
• How was Christianity spread through the Americas?


  Jesuits were sent to indoctrinate the indigenous people
• Mercantilism


  The idea that there was a finite amount of wealth in the world, more exports than imports
• Jean Baptiste Colbert


  An economic advisor to Louis XIV, he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient.
• Caravel Ship


  Developed by the Portuguese that allowed for faster travel.
• Lateen Sail


  triangular sail
• Treaty of Tordesillas


  (1494)Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World
• Columbian Exchange


  The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans
• Ecomienda System


  A kind of feudalism granting Spanish colonists control of conquered lands and obliging the Indians to provide forced labor and a fixed portion of their harvests
• joint-stock company


  A company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.
• Enclosure Movement


  The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.
• Simony


  the buying and selling of church offices
• Indulgences


  Pardon sold by Catholic church to reduce one's time in purgatory
• 95 Theses


  Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church; posted in1517.
• How was the Protestant Reformation spread?

  The printing press
• Diet of Worms


  (1521)Martin Luther's Heresy trial in the Holy Roman Empire in which he was expected to recant.