Biology B1

Created by

ccbells

Cards (70)

What are eukaryotic cells? 
Contains a nucleus and has membrane bound organelles
What are prokaryotic cells? 
No nucleus or organelles and its single cell
What's the function of the nucleus? 
Controls the centre of the cell and contains genetic material
What's the function of the cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place
What's the function of the mitochondria? 
Powerhouse of the cell where energy is released through aerobic respiration
What's the function of the ribosomes? 
Site of protein synthesis
What's the function of the cell membrane? 
Controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell
What's the function of the vacuole?
Based in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap
What's the function of the chloroplasts?
Produce energy through photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
What do eukaryotic cells divide by?
Mitosis
What do prokaryotic cells divide by? 
Binary fission
What's the function of the flagella?
Enables movement
What's the function of plasmids?
Carries extra genes and is antibiotic resistance
What are the 2 types of electron microscopes?
Transmission and Scanning
What does a transmission electron microscope (TEM) produce? 
The most magnified image
What does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) produce?
A three-dimensional image of a suface
What is magnification? 
How many times larger than the image is than the object
What is resolution? 
The shortest distance between two points on an object that can still be distinguished as two separate entities
Equation for magnification? 
magnification = image size / object size
How many strands is the helix made up of?
2
What are chromosomes? 
Long, thin strings of genetic material made of DNA and proteins.
How many chromosomes are in a human?
23 pairs of chromosomes, so 23 x 2 = 46 chromosomes in total.
The chromosomes in the 23rd pair are known as the 
Sex chromosomes
What is a gene? 
A small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
What are amino acids?
Monomers of proteins (building blocks)
What is a genome?
The entire set of genetic material in an organism
What is DNA made of?
Nucleotides
What is an allele? 
Different versions of the same gene
What is heterozygous? 
2 different alleles
What is homozygous? 
2 of the same alleles
What is a dominant allele?
It's expressed as the capital letter
What is a recessive allele? 
It's expressed as the little letter
What is a genotype?
Collection of alleles we have
What is a phenotype? 
Characteristics you get from
What's a polymer? 
Chain of monomers
What are enzymes? 
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
What do enzymes look like?
made up of long chains of amino acids
What does active site mean?
Where the substrate fits and where the chemical reaction takes place
What does substrate mean?
The molecule that binds to the enzyme
Explain the lock and key hypothesis 
The enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key. Each enzyme's active site is made so that it fits a specific substrate. If the enzyme denatures, it's active site changes shape so then the key (substrate) no longer fits in the lock (enzyme/active site)