Biology

• What is ecology?

  The study of interactions that take place between living things and their non-living environment.
• ecological levels of organisation:

  • Individual
  • Population
  • Community
  • Ecosystem
  • Biome
  • Biosphere
• What is an Individual?

  A singular organism
• Which of the following situations show a biotic factor operating with an ecosystem?

  Carnivores that eat other animals
• A certain plant needs moisture, Carbon dioxide, oxygen light, and minerals to survive. This scenario shows a living organism depends on which of the following?

  Abiotic factors
• Each step in a food chain or food web is represented by?

  A trophic level
• All the biotic and abiotic factors in a town's pond make up a?

  Ecosystem
• An ocean, a forest, and a grassy meadow are each examples of a complete?

  Ecosystem
• Ecosystem

  All the biotic and abiotic factors in a town's pond
• Parasitism

  One organism benefits, while another is harmed
• Population

  Every member of the same species that inhabitants a region
• 10% energy rule

  90% of energy is lost as heat, and 10% is transferred to the next level
• Abiotic factors


  Weather (such as rain) and soil conditions
• Commensalism


  One organism benefits, while the other is unaffected
• Rodent population leaves an ecosystem


  Due to a change in abiotic factors (decreased temperatures and increased rain)
• Ultimate source of energy in any food chain

  The sun
• Role of decomposers

  Nutrient cycling
• Primary producers


  • Create their own food through photosynthesis, known as Autotrophs
• Primary consumers

  • First animal/insect (plant eating) on the trophic level, known as Heterotrophs
• What is commensalism?

  A symbolic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
• Food chain

  Each step is represented by a trophic level
• Ecosystem

  All the biotic and abiotic factors in a town's pond
• Parasitism

  One organism benefits, while another is harmed
• Population

  Every member of the same species that inhabitants a region
• 10% energy rule

  90% of energy is lost as heat, and 10% is transferred to the next level
• Abiotic factors

  Weather (such as rain) and soil conditions
• Commensalism

  One organism benefits, while the other is unaffected
• Rodent population leaves an ecosystem

  Due to a change in abiotic factors (decreased temperatures and increased rain)
• Ultimate source of energy in any food chain

  The sun
• Role of decomposers

  Nutrient cycling
• Energy Pyramid

  1. Autotroph (Primary producer)

  2. Primary consumer

  3. Secondary consumer

  4. Tertiary consumer (Apex predator)
• Primary producers

  Create their own food through photosynthesis, known as Autotrophs
• Primary consumers

  First animal/insect (plant eating) on the trophic level, known as Heterotrophs
• Every member of the same species that inhabitants a region makes up a?

  population
• What is an example of energy transference? ( Energy Pyramid)

  Grass- Rabbit- Snake- Hawk
• What are the 2 types of competition?

  1. Interspecific
  2. Intraspecific
• What is intraspecific?

  Competition for food/resources between members of the same species
• what is interspecific?

  competition for for food/resources between members of different species
• Whats ecological niche?

  The role and position of a species within its environment.
• Whats a symbolic relationship?

  A relationship between 2 types of living things that helps at least one of them to survive