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• Disease


  An abnormality that can cause physical or emotional stress and pain, with certain symptoms indicating a specific problem with the body
• Characteristics of disease

  • Transmittable
  • Curable
  • Caused due to external factors (bacteria, virus, infection)
• Disorder


  A disruption of the usual body functions, caused by something inside like genetic or external forces, resulting in physical or mental conditions that are not healthy or normal
• Characteristics of disorder


  • Not transmittable
  • Not curable but manageable
  • Caused due to internal abnormalities and certain kind of lifestyle
• Dandruff (Seborrhea or Seborrheic dermatitis)


  An oily large flakes of dead skin that lie on the scalp, caused by a MALASSEZIA fungus yeast infection in hair follicles
• Other causes of dandruff

  • Poor diet
  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Impairment of general health
  • Stress
  • Overuse of hair products
  • Frequent exposure to extreme temperature
  • Infection
• How to get rid of dandruff

  1. Use medicated shampoo or gentle shampoo to reduce oil and skin cell buildup

  2. Use home remedies like Apple cider vinegar, baking soda, aloe vera
• Flaky or dry scalp


  Occurs when the scalp lacks or loses moisture, producing tiny flakes that fall onto the shoulders
• Causes of flaky or dry scalp


  • Lack of sebum
  • Stress
  • Hereditary traits
  • Vitamin deficiency
  • Pollution
• Treatment for dry or flaky scalp


  1. Switch to a gentle, moisturizing shampoo

  2. Wash your hair less frequently

  3. Manage your stress

  4. Drink more water
• Split ends


  Damaged cuticles and separated strands of the hair cortex, easily split anywhere along the shaft
• How to get rid of split ends


  Split ends cannot be repaired, the only remedy is to trim or cut the hair
• Dry hair


  Hair that doesn't get or retain enough moisture, looking dull, tangled, and difficult to brush or comb
• Causes of dry hair

  • Lack of natural oil (sebum)
  • Excessive perming, coloring of the hair
  • Too much exposure from the sun
  • Over washing of hair
  • Excessive heat styling
• Dry hair treatment

  1. Avoid chemical hair treatment

  2. Avoid using heat styling

  3. Use moisturizing hair products
• Oily hair


  The result of the sebaceous glands in the scalp producing large amounts of oil, making the hair look greasy or shiny and susceptible to dandruff
• Causes of oily hair

  • The scalp has bigger oil glands
  • Eating too much fatty foods
  • Over washing
  • Hormonal imbalance
• Treatment for oily hair

  1. Increase how often you wash your hair

  2. Choose the right shampoo

  3. Rinse your hair thoroughly to avoid leaving any hair product residue

  4. Don't brush your hair too much
• Bamboo hair


  A hair shaft abnormality that causes the hair strands to have a knotty appearance, usually dry, brittle and prone to breakage
• Most cases of bamboo hair are caused by Netherton syndrome, an inherited condition that results in red, flaky skin all over the body and allergy problems
• Causes of bamboo hair

  • Weakness on the cortex layer of the hair
• Treatment for bamboo hair

  There is no treatment for this condition, it is a lifelong condition, but there are many types of lotions and ointments you can use
• Headlice (Pediculus Humanus Capitis)


  A tiny, wingless insect that live in the hair on the head and feed on blood from the human head
• Headlice are only able to live on human head, and if not attached to a human, they are unable to live beyond 3 days
• Nits


  The eggs of headlice, usually yellow to white in color, that take about 8-9 days to hatch into a baby louse called a nymph
• Adult louse can live up to 3-4 weeks on a person's head
• Symptoms of headlice


  • Extreme itching on the scalp, neck, ear
  • A tickling feeling like something is crawling on the scalp
  • Sores on the head from scratching
• Headlice are transmitted from one person to another by direct contact (head-to-head contact) and indirect contact by using infested items like combs, brushes, towels, hats, etc.
• Treatment for headlice

  1. Combing the hair using fine toothed comb from the scalp to the end of the hair

  2. Use over the counter and prescribed medications or shampoo that remove headlice
• Ringworm (Tinea Capitis)


  A fungal skin or scalp infection that causes an itchy, red and round spot/rash
• Treatment for ringworm

  Apply antifungal cream, lotions or powder on the affected area
• Alopecia areata


  An autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles causing hair loss
• Types of alopecia areata

  • Alopecia areata totalis (complete loss of hair on the scalp)
  • Alopecia areata universalis (complete loss of hair on the scalp and body)
  • Diffuse alopecia areata (sudden and unexpected thinning of the hair)
• Causes of alopecia areata


  • Genetics (if a close family member has it, you may be more likely to develop it)
  • Certain health conditions (Down syndrome, thyroid disease, vitiligo)
  • Vitamin and mineral deficiencies
• Treatment for alopecia areata


  1. Medical treatments (medications to stimulate hair growth)

  2. Injections (steroid injections to help regrow hair on bald spots)

  3. Oral treatment
• The condition is difficult to predict, and treatment may not always be successful, with some people continuing to experience hair loss even with treatment