5A

• The word "bitumen" originates from the Sanskrit word "Gwitumen, " used to describe native asphalts as fuel.
• Tar and asphalt are two main varieties of bituminous materials.
• Tars are obtained through destructive distillation of coal, petroleum, wood, and other organic materials at high temperature without access to air.
• Asphalt is a naturally occurring bitumen composed of inorganic mineral matter and organic matter.
• BITUMEN is a black or brown in color, and is a non crystalline solid or viscous material derived from petroleum by natural and refinery processes.
• Bitumen:

  Asphalt is in the solid state.

  Mineral Tar is in the semi-fluid state.
• Petrolene - allows bitumen to melt at low temperature.
• Asphaltene - makes bitumen to be brittle and non-plastic.
• Bitumen is 87% Carbon, 11% Hydrogen, 2% Oxygen
• Bitumen is acombination of light, air, and water can make it brittle, porous, and susceptible to oxidation forming blisters and cracks. It becomes soft at 30 - 100 degrees Celsius.
• FORMS OF BITUMEN

  • Bitumen Emulsion
  • Blown Bitumen
  • Cut-back Bitumen
  • Plastic Bitumen
  • Straight Run Bitumen
• Bitumen Emulsion is a liquid product containing bitumen to a great extent in an aqueous medium.
• Blown Bitumen is obtained by passing air under pressure at a higher temperature.
• Cut-back Bitumen is obtained by fluxing asphaltic bitumen in the presence of some suitable liquid distillates of coal tar or petroleum.
• Cut-back Bitumen is obtained by fluxing asphaltic bitumen in the presence of some suitable liquid distillates of coal tar or petroleum.
• Plastic Bitumen consists of bitumen, thinner, and a suitable inert filler.
• Straight Run Bitumen is being distilled to a definite viscosity or penetration without further treatment.
• Classification of Bitumen

  Based on Source:

  • Natural Bitumen
  • Petroleum Bitumen
• Classification of Bitumen:

  Based on Consistency:

  • Solid
  • Semi-Solid
  • Liquid
• Classification of Bitumen:

  Based on Application:

  • Road Construction Bitumen
  • Building Bitumen
  • Roofing Bitumen
• Natural Bitumen originates from the accumulation of petroleum in the top layers of the earth's crust through migration, filling pores and cavities of rocks, under the action of high temperature and pressure. Dark-brown in color.
• Natural Bitumen softens when heated, hardens when cooled.
• Natural Bitumen is extracted from bituminous rocks by blowing kettles or dissolving inorganic solvents.
• Petroleum Bitumen is the product of processing crude petroleum and its resinous residues.

  • Residual Asphaltums
  • Oxidized Bitumen
  • Cracked Bitumen
• Solid Bitumen is highly viscosity, exposed to cold weather, or stored at lower temperatures.
• Semi-Solid Bitumen is intermediate between solid and liquid, with a higher viscosity than liquid bitumen but is not as stiff as solid bitumen, and is often encountered at moderate temperatures.
• Liquid Bitumen at higher temperatures, bitumen becomes more fluid, with a lower viscosity.
• Properties of Bitumen:

  • Viscosity
  • Ductility
  • Softening Point
  • Resilience
• Viscosity depends greatly on the temperature. In low temperatures, bitumen is highly viscous and acquires the properties of a solid. In high temperatures, bitumen decreases and passes into a liquid state.
• Ductility depends upon temperature, group composition, and the nature of the structure.
• Softening Point is related to viscosity. Bitumen needs sufficient fluidity before specific application.
• Viscous bitumen containing paraffins are very ductile.
• Bitumen is resilient, non-rigid, and capable of absorbing shocks.
• ASPHALT is a natural or artificial mixture in which bitumen is associated. It is also black and brownish in color.
• At 50 to 100 degrees Celcius, asphalt is in liquid state. Below 50 degrees Celcius, asphalt is in solid state.
• Asphalt softens as heated, and hardens as it cooled.
• Types of Asphalt:

  • Natural Asphalt
  • Rock Asphalt
  • Refined Asphalt
  • Liquid Asphalt
  • Mastic Asphalt
  • Cut-back Asphalt
  • Artificial Asphalt
  • Asphaltic Cement
• Natural Asphalt - Native Asphalt
• Rock Asphalt is naturally occuring rock formation. Contains 6% to 14% bitumen.
• Refined Asphalt is obtained by heating pitch to drive off the water and to draw off the mineral matter by segregating the impurities.

  52% Bitumen

  38% Inorganic Matter

  10% Organic Matter