PLATE TECTONICS AND BOUNDARIES

• It states that Earth’s lithosphere is composed of fragments or plates that move around and interact with one another

  Plate tectonic theory
• It is the outermost layer of Earth composed of the upper part of the mantle and the crust.

  Lithosphere
• It is made of various types of rocks and sediments floating on top of the malleable upper mantle that extends from the surface to about 50 km deep.

  crust
• This helps in determining the epicenter of an earthquake.

  Triangulation method
• It is the partially melted portion of the mantle below the lithosphere

  Asthenosphere
• He proposed the continental drift theory and is known as the Father of plate tectonic theory 


  Alfred Wegener
• 3 types of plate boundaries:

  • convergent
  • divergent
  • transform
• These are plate boundaries where the plates move apart from each other, resulting in the production of a new seafloor.

  Divergent plate boundaries
• These are plate boundaries where the plates move toward each other.

  Convergent plate boundaries
• 3 types of convergent plate boundary collisions:

  • oceanic-continental
  • oceanic-oceanic
  • continental-continental
• It is a type of continental collision between an oceanic crust and a continental crust. In this type of collision, the denser oceanic crust moves beneath the lighter continental crust.

  Oceanic–continental convergence
• The process at which the oceanic crust sinks down the continental crust and goes back to the mantle

  subduction
• These chains of volcanoes parallel to the subduction zone are commonly

  continental volcanic arcs.
• A deep, narrow depression on the ocean seafloor caused by the collision and/or subduction of plates.

  trench
• A type of collision between two oceanic crustal plates. It also causes one plate to subduct from the other.

  Oceanic–oceanic convergence
• In this type of collision, two continental crustal plates move toward one another. In this case, the folding of parts of the continental lithosphere happens.

  Continental-continental convergence
• This is formed when plates move apart and create a depression or a lowland region along the separation of the plates.

  rift valley
• It is a boundary where two plates slide past each other

  Transform boundary