Flowering Plants

• Male parts of a flower (Stamen)

  • Anther
  • Pollen grains
  • Filament
• Female parts of a flower (Carpel/Pistil)

  • Stigma
  • Style
  • Ovary
  • Ovule
• Pollination

  1. Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

  2. Pollen grains travel down style to ovary

  3. Fertilise ovules to create seed
• Wind-pollinated flowers


  • Petals small, dull-colored or absent
  • Nectar absent
  • Stigma large & feathery, out of flower
  • Stamens loosely hung out of flower
  • Pollen grains dry & light, numerous
• Animal-pollinated flowers

  • Petals brightly colored
  • Scent pleasant
  • Nectar present
  • Stigma small, not out of flower
  • Stamens not hung loosely out of flower
  • Pollen grains sticky, spiky
• Fertilisation

  1. Fusion of male gamete nucleus and female gamete nucleus

  2. Pollen grain has 2 cells - tube cell and generative cell

  3. Tube cell grows down to form pollen tube

  4. Generative cell splits into 2 sperm

  5. One sperm fuses with egg nucleus to form zygote

  6. Other sperm fuses with central nucleus to form endosperm
• Seed dispersal methods


  • Wind
  • Water
  • Animals
  • Explosion