TLE

• TYPES OF CURVED LINES

  1. Restrained Curve. One with a subtle bend as the shape of a woman's body.

  
  

  2. Simple Curve. Has more pronounced bend than the restrained curve.

  
  

  3. Full Curve. More forceful than the first two and follows movements of the letter "c".

  
  

  4. Compound Curve. Changes the bend towards the opposite direction which follows the graceful movements of letter "S".
• ALPHABET OF LINES In drawing and drafting, lines are used to emphasize clearly and understand well what is being drawn. In the same way that letters are related to words, lines describe drawings.. Lines are characterized according to their forms (shape) and weight (thickness or thinness). Usually, medium soft pencils (For H) are used for thick lines, while slightly hard pencils (2H) are used for thinner lines. These lines are often called "Alphabet" of lines. The figures below will show how each line looks like and explains their uses and characteristics.
• ~ Restrained Curve

  
• ~ Simple Curve

  
• ~ Full curve

  
• ~ Compound Curve

  
• Alphabet of Lines. 1.  Hidden Line - Used to show surfaces, edges, or corners of an object that are hidden from view. HL are invisible medium weight lines used to designate or represent certain parts or edges of objects which are not visible in a drawing; it has dashes 1/8" long and spaces that are 1/16" apart 

  
• 2. Center Line. To designate the center of an arc, a circle or symmetrical objects, this kind of line is used consisting of light weight short (1/8") and long dashes (3/4"). 

  
• 3. Extension and Dimension Lines. Light lines, with dimension numbers between each line ending with arrowheads to indicate the end of the specified dimension, the limit of which is designated by the extension lines. 

  
• 4. Leader Lines. Leader lines are used to indicate the part of the drawing to which a note refers. Arrowheads touch the object lines while the dot rests on a surface. 

  
• 5. Long Break Lines. These lines indicate that the structure had been cut for being too big for the paper used, and the object is symmetrical in all parts of the design. This is drawn in a straight thin form with a freehand zigzag. 

  
• 6. Short Break Lines. This is a solid thick line equivalent to an object line that is drawn in freehand. It shows a break in a specific part of the object, as in sectioning and irregular breaks of the object. 

  
• 7. Cutting Plane Lines. Used when an imaginary cut through an object is to be along the line. It consists of long dashes between a short dash (1/8"). 

  
• 8. Visible Lines. Show the outline of the object (in medium weight) once it has been drawn; thus, otherwise known as "object lines". 

  
• 9. Section Lines. They are also light weight lines and drawn fully to show a clear cut of a part showing the kind of material used for the object. 

  
• Protractor is used for measuring and setting of angles other than those obtainable with the triangles. 
• Acute angle- is an angle smaller than a right angle. The range of an acute angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. 

  
• Right angle- a right angle is an angle of exactly 90°, as in a corner of a square or at the intersection of two perpendicular straight lines. 

  
• Obtuse angle- The obtuse angle is the smaller angle. It is more than 90" and less than 180°. The smaller angle is an Obtuse Angle, but the larger angle is a Reflex Angle. 

  
• Lines - is one of the basic elements of art along with color, form, texture, value, volume, and perspective. You can create a line just by connecting two points. Line signifies many meanings and translations. 
• Kinds of Straight Lines

  1.  Vertical Line - gives  the quality gives of dignity, royalty, and jubilance. 

  2.  Horizontal Line -  the idea of stability, stagnancy and tranquility.

  3. Diagonal Line - suggests action, progress, and ascension.

  4. Broken Line - suggest conflict, violence, speed, and struggle.
• Classification of Tools in Technical Drafting A. Basic Materials and Tools

  1. Drawing Paper

  2. Eraser

  3. pencil

  4. Masking Tape

  5. Erasing shield

  6. Pencil sharpener 

  B. Measuring Tools 1.  Ruler

  2. T-square

  3. Triangle 4. Protractor

  5. Divider ruler

  6. Compass

  7. Triangular scale 
• 1. Drawing Paper - There are varies of drawing papers  available in the market. Hard and soft surface drawing papers  are extremely to the most effective. This paper does not hallow easily when pressure is applied to the pencil. Oslo paper is usually used however you can use bond papers it is also suggested. 
• 2. Masking Tape This is used for fastening the paper on the worktable as a result it will keep the paper steady, so it easier to move the tools around while drawing
• 3.  Pencil Sharpener Pencils bough to be sharpened whenever they show signs of dullness. There are different kinds and styles available in the market you can purchase.
• 4. Eraser It cleans the dirt off the drawing. Soft ones are advantageous in removing smudges and pencil marks, whereas a solid eraser is beneficial for creating changes fand correcting errors within the drawing.
• 5. Ruler A ruler is the preferred measuring tool, especially for beginners. Most rulers Are 6 or 12 inches long. It is required when drawing sizes, and distances. 
• 6. Triangle A three-sided ruler usually two equal sides and its third side is at 30, 45, or 60-degree angle. Made of plastic and comes in numerous sizes. If In use, the bottom of the triangle  should rest on the T-square's blade. Drawing vertical lines should start from the bottom going upward. Commonly used triangles are:

  • 30×60°
  • 45×45°
• 7. Compass Ruler Drawing arcs and circles is easier to draw when using this equipment. It is identical to a divider; however, the compass has a pen leg bind with a handle. This drawing instrument is used for penciling and inking. 
• 8.  Divider Ruler -  Drawing equipment used to transfer measurements, dividing lines, and arcs into the specified range of equal components. It simply transfers correct measurements by adjusting the divider points. Constant practice is critical before doing an actual and final drawing so you can use it easily.
• 9. Protractor It is a seme-circular instrument divided into 180-degree equal components. It determines the graduations of the degrees in calculating arcs, angles, and cirles. Prime quality of protractors is typically made from plastic.