Per dent mids quiz

• Horace Wells


  Originated the use of anesthesia
• The credit is given to Horace Wells
• General anesthesia


  Inhalation anesthesia in which gases are used
• Gases used for general anesthesia


  • Nitrous oxide and oxygen
  • Ether
  • Chloroform
  • Ethylene
  • Cyclopropane
  • Ethyl chloride
• Intratracheal anesthesia


  Used for operations about head and neck
• Intravenous anesthesia


  Objected to by some anesthesiologists because once the anesthetic drug has been administered, its effects can no longer be regulated
• Rectal anesthesia


  Valuable for children under ten years of age
• Spinal anesthesia


  Procedures that deliver medicines that numb parts of your body to block pain
• Regional anesthesia


  • Block anesthesia - an injection of local anesthetic by your anaesthetist to "block" the nerve or a group of nerves
  • Infiltration anesthesia - is accomplished with administration of the local anesthetic solution intradermally (ID), subcutaneously (SC), or submucosally across the nerve path that supplies the are of the body that requires anesthesia
• Local anesthesia

  • Simplicity of use
  • Some of undesirable side effects of general anesthesia are avoided
  • Ideal method for ambulatory patients, for short and superficial operations, and in situations where a recently ingested meal might pose a threat of vomiting during general anesthesia
• Reasons why local anesthesia is not more widely used


  • Lack of patient acceptance and the desire to be unconscious during operation
  • Insufficient duration of local anesthesia
  • Rapid absorption of local anesthesia into the blood stream
• Local anesthetic drugs


  • Cocaine
  • Procaine
  • Chloroprocaine
  • Pipeprocaine
  • Hexylcaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Dibucaine
  • Lidocaine or Xelocaine
  • Mepivacaine
• Lidocaine or Xelocaine


  Major advantages are the rapid onset of anesthesia and freedom from local irritative effect. The potency and duration of action are moderately greater than those of procaine and the topical activity good.
• Anesthesiology


  Study of the principles and techniques of regional anesthesia in dental practice and the study of pharmacology of different local anesthesia used in dentist include topics regarding general anesthesia and conscious sedation