9.3a Circulatory system

• State the main features of the circulatory system.

  The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. Its main functions are to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and to remove waste products like carbon dioxide from the body.
• Describe the function of parts of the circulatory system

  Sure, here's a brief overview:

  1.Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.

  2. Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and organs.

  3. Veins: Return oxygen-depleted blood from the body's tissues back to the heart.

  4. Capillaries: Microscopic blood vessels where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the bloodstream and tissues.
• Identify the main features of the heart 

  1. Chambers: Four chambers including two atria and two ventricles.

  2. Valves: Valves between chambers and major blood vessels that ensure one-way blood flow.

  3. Coronary arteries: Blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

  4. Conduction system: Electrical system that regulates heartbeat.
• Describe the flow of blood through the heart 

  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.

  2. Blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.

  3. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.

  4. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.

  5. Blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.

  6. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.
• Double circulation: Blood passes through the heart twice to go around the body once to make a complete circuit.
• The structure of the double circulatory system..

  The double circulatory system consists of two circuits: the pulmonary circuit, which transports blood between the heart and lungs, and the systemic circuit, which transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
• State how blood circulates between the heart, body and lungs

  Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then returns to the heart before being pumped to the rest of the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients. It then returns to the heart to repeat the cycle.
• Know that blood can be oxygenated or deoxygenated 

  Yes, blood can indeed be either oxygenated or deoxygenated. Oxygenated blood contains a high level of oxygen and is typically found in the arteries leaving the heart. Deoxygenated blood has lower levels of oxygen and is commonly found in the veins returning to the heart.
• Know the major structures of the heart

  The major structures of the heart include the four chambers (two atria and two ventricles), valves (such as the mitral and tricuspid valves), coronary arteries, and major blood vessels (such as the aorta and pulmonary artery).