Q4 - DRRR

• Hydrometeorological hazards


  Atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic in nature and may cause loss of life
• Flood


  Overflow of water onto normally dry land in an existing waterway, such as a river, stream, or drainage ditch
• Storm surge


  Abnormal sea level rise occurring during tropical cyclones or "bagyo," caused by the strong winds and low atmospheric pressures that tropical cyclones produce
• Mature stage of a cumulus cloud


  Cloud becomes very large, the water in it becomes large and heavy, and raindrops start to fall through the cloud when the rising air can no longer hold them up
• Dissipating stage of a cloud


  Downdrafts in the cloud begin to dominate over the updraft, and cloud droplets can no longer form
• Thunderstorm


  Violent, short-lived weather disturbance that is almost always associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong, gusty winds
• Factors that contribute to flooding


  Rainfall intensity and duration, as well as slow-moving thunderstorms
• El Niño


  Significant increase in ocean temperature over the eastern and central Pacific Ocean
• Typhoon


  Intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain
• Hazard map


  Highlights areas that are affected by or are vulnerable to a hazard, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, flooding, and tsunamis
• PAGASA publishes regularly updated color-coded satellite images
• Tipping bucket rain gauge


  Type of rain gauge wherein a funnel collects the rain and sends electrical signals to the receiver when it reaches a certain amount of precipitation
• PAGASA publishes regularly updated color-coded satellite images generated from Himawari-8, a geo-stationary weather sattelite that that visualizes rain distribution in the Philippines
• DOST-NOAH is a program of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that advances the use of cutting-edge technology in disaster prevention and mitigation efforts
• Areas with low pressure generally have a bad weather
• Thermometer


  Used to measure how hot or cold the surrounding air is
• Wind vane


  Used to measure wind direction
• Barometer


  Measures atmospheric pressure
• A meteorologist would use a wind vane or a wind finding radar to measure wind direction and a thermometer to measure temperature
• Republic Act (RA) 10121 provides a comprehensive, all-hazard, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk management
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

  Main objective is to build a resilient community that can effectively respond to and recover from disasters
• Response


  Post-event disaster risk element that involves the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster
• Correct sequence of pre-event elements of disaster risk reduction

  1. Prevention

  2. Mitigation

  3. Adaptation

  4. Preparedness
• The ultimate effect of proper Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) approaches and tools is conducting effective disaster response while reducing the risks of similar disasters occurring again
• The major concerns of disaster risk reduction management involve citizens or everyone within the community
• Clear and simple risk communication increases confidence in acting to make individuals safer
• Proposing laws and policies to disaster is not a priority concern of disaster risk reduction action
• Proper planning and harmonizing messages are key elements to avoid confusion in an organization for disaster risk reduction awareness
• Sinkhole


  Depression in the ground that results from the collapse of the surface layer of the soil
• Gravity plays a crucial role in landslides


  Steeper slopes can lead to faster landslides, but the distance to the debris may not necessarily be nearer
• Volcanic eruptions


  Can trigger landslides by altering minerals to clay, releasing volcanic gases that weaken rocks, and causing vibrations that loosen surrounding soil
• Areas that have previously experienced landslides are more prone to future landslides
• While certain signs may indicate an impending geologic hazard, they are not definitive proof of an imminent event
• Soil liquefaction


  Ground failure or loss of strength that causes otherwise solid soil to behave temporarily as a viscous liquid, is a natural cause of landslides as it destabilizes slopes
• Soil nutrients generally affect the stability of a slope in the context of landslides
• Tsunamis are not direct effects of landslides. They are usually caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
• Blasting techniques used in mining can produce vibrations that weaken soil, contributing to landslides
• Dissolution sinkholes


  Typically caused by the gradual dissolution of carbonate rock (e.g., limestone) by acidic water
• Water is a natural agent of erosion

  Flows and loosens the soil, contributing to landslides
• Soil creep

  Type of landslide characterized by very slow movement that is hardly noticeable