Section 1- nature and variety of living organisms

• What is the ACRONYM showing the characteristics that living organisms share

  MRS C GREN
• What does MRS C GREN stand for

  Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Control, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
• MRS C GREN: Movement

  An action by an organism (plants too!) causing a change of position or place
• What is locomotion

  Organism's (animals) ability to move from place to place
• What do plants have instead of locomotion

  They can change their orientation
• Why do organisms require movement as part of MRS C GREN

  To move away from predators and towards food and water
• MRS C GREN: Respiration

  Chemical reactions breaking down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism
• What is metabolism

  sum of all chemical reactions in the body
• MRS C GREN: Sensitivity

  responding to detected stimuli in their internal or external environment
• What is geotropism?

  A plant's response to gravity causing its roots to grow down into soil

  
• What is phototropism

  A plant's response to light causing its shoots to grow towards sunlight

  
• Why are roots positively gravitropic/geotrophic?

  Because they grow downwards, towards gravity
• MRS C GREN: Control

  controlling internal conditions to keep conditions within required limits (homeostasis)
• MRS C GREN: Growth

  Permanent increase in size. Animals- into adult form. Plants- from a seed
• MRS C GREN: Reproduction

  All produce offspring for species survival. (Sexual+Asexual)
• MRS C GREN: Excretion

  Removal of metabolic waste from reactions carried out in cells (eg respiration)
• MRS C GREN: Nutrition

  Taking in of materials for energy, growth, repair and development. Energy is required for life processes
• Why are animals described as heterotrophic

  As animals obtain their food from a range of different sources
• Why are plants described as autrophic

  As plants create their own food for energy
• Five Kingdoms of Living Organisms

  Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protoctists, Prokaryotes
• What are eukaryotic organisms

  Organisms that contain a nucleus and membrane covered organelles
• Which kingdoms are eukaryotic organisms (eukaryotes)

  Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protoctists

  
• What are prokaryotic organisms known as

  Prokaryotes
• What are prokaryotic organisms/ prokaryotes

  They're single-celled and don't contain a nucleus. They're smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What do prokaryotic organisms contain instead of a nucleus

  Nuclear material, found in the cytoplasm
• What is an example of a prokaryotic organism/prokaryote

  Bacteria
• What is a plant's cell wall made out of

  Cellulose
• How do plants store carbohydrates

  As starch or sucrose
• What are examples of plants

  Flowering plants (eg cereals like maize) and herbaceous legumes (eg peas or beans)
• Are plants unicellular or multicellular?

  multicellular
• What do plants contain and what does it allow them to do: chloroplasts

  Chloroplasts which allows them to carry out photosynthesis
• What do chloroplasts contain and how does it aid photosynthesis


  Chlorophyll- a green pigment. Chlorophyll ABSORB light from the sun.
• What does the cell wall do

  supports and provides strength to cell
• What does the permanent vacuole do


  Contains cell sap and helps maintain the shape of the cell and improves cell's rigidity
• How do animals often store carbohydrates

  Often as glycogen
• What do animals feed on

  Organic substances made by other living things
• What do animals have: (LM + NC)

  Nervous coordination (unlike plants, fungi and protoctists) and locomotion
• How do plants feed by

  Photosynthesis
• Main features of fungi: cellular

  Usually multicellular but some are single-celled
• Example of a single cellular fungi

  Yeast