Prokaryotes

• Define prokarytoes

  No membrane-bound nucleus
• What is the main feature of an archaea

  Extremophiles.
• What are the two prokaryotic domains

  Bacteria and Archaea.
• What is the nucleoid region of a prokarytote

  A region containing circular DNA.
• What type of ribosomes do prokaryotes have.

  70s.
• What is the prokaryotic cell wall made of.

  Peptidoglycan.
• What is the role of the flagella.

  Movement.
• What is the role of Pili.

  Attachement.
• What is a prokaryotic capsule usually made of

  Polysaccharides.
• What is the role of the prokaryotic cell wall.

  Protection against osmotic and mechanical shocks.
• what are the two types of bacteria.

  Gram-negative and Gram-positive.
• What colour do gram negative stain.

  Pink
• What colour do gram-positive stain.

  Purple.
• What is the feature of gram-negative cell walls.

  They are made of peptidoglycan with a lipopolysaccharide membrane on top.
• What is a gram-positive cell wall made of.

  Peptidglycan.
• Which type of bacteria is hardest to treat.

  Gram-negative.
• What are the 2 main types of cellular nutrition.

  Heterotrophic and autotrophic.
• what are the 4 main types of prokaryotic nutrition.

  1. Photoautotrophs
  2. Chemoautotrophs
  3. Photoheterotrophs
  4. Chemoheterotrophs
• How do photoautotrophs obtain nutrients.

  Photosynthesis to make organic compounds and obtain energy.
• How do chemoautotrophs obtain nutrients.

  Carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide . Energy is obtained from oxidation of inorganic substances.
• How do photoheterotrophs obtain nutrients.

  Use light to obtain ATP. Obtain carbon in its organic form.
• How do chemoheterotrophs obtain nutrients.

  Organic molecules supply carbon and ATP.
• What is the main difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs.

  Heterotrophs use organic carbon as their carbon source, but autotrophs use carbon dioxide to obtain carbon.
• What type of microscope is required to visualise viruses.

  Electron
• What is a virion.

  The viral particle pre-host infection.
• What is an eveloped virus with examples.

  Has a lipid envelope. Coronaviruses and Influenza viruses.
• What is a tailed spheroid virus, with example.

  Spheroid virus with a tail. Lambda phage virus.
• What do lamda phage viruses infect.

  Bacteria.
• What is a spheroid virus. With example.

  Nucleic acid within a protein envelope formed into a geometric shape. Adenovirus.
• What is a filamentous virus with example.

  Nucleic acid in a helical shape, with capsid stabilizing it. Tobacco mosaic virus.
• What is a retrovirus.

  A virus which uses reverse transcriptase to reversibly transcribe viral RNA into DNA for insertion into the host.
• What are the main domains

  Eukaryotes, Bacteria, Archae