chloroplast

• What are the two stages of photosynthesis

  Calvin cycle and light reactions.
• What is the role of the light reactions

  To convert solar energy into chemical energy.
• Label the chloroplast and describe the main featers.

  The light dependant reaction takes place in the thylakoid.

  A) Ribosomes

  B) Envelope

  C) Outer Membrane

  D) Inner membrane

  E) Stroma

  F) Thylakoid

  G) Granum

  H) Starch granule

  I)

  
• What takes place in the stroma

  Calvin cycle
• What takes place in the thylakoid

  Light reactions.
• Where are the chloroplast pigments found

  
  

  Thylakoid membrane
• What absorbs solar energy

  Pigments
• Which pigment directly participates in the light reactions.

  Chlorophyll A
• How do the other chlorophyll pigments contribute to the light reaction

  Absorb solar energy and pass this onto chlorophyll a.
• Why do plant cells have different types of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

  Broadens the range of light wavelengths that the cell can absorb.
• What is a primary electron acceptor

  A molecule which traps an electron which has been excited.
• Where does the chlorophyll pigment donate its excited electron

  Primary electron acceptor.
• What is the reaction centre

  The chlorophyll pigment that donates its excited electron to the primary electron acceptor.
• What is a photosystem

  The reaction center and primary electron acceptor.
• Why are chloroplasts green

  They cannot absorb green wavelengths and so it is reflected back.
• What are the pigments in the thylakoid

  Chlorophyll and carotenoids.
• What happens if chlorophyll a absorbs light but no other pigment is nearby

  When the electron returns to the ground state. Energy is released as heat or a photon.
• What is a photon

  fluorescent light produced from an electron.
• How many chlorophyll pigments make up a photosystem

  2
• What are the two photosystems

  1 and 2
• What wavelength does photosystem 1 absorb

  700
• What is the name for P700

  photosystem 1
• What is the name for P680

  Photosystem 2
• What wavelength does photosystem 2 absorb

  680
• Describe the non-cyclic light reaction


  1. Electrons excited at P700 reaction center
  2. Electrons passed to the primary electron acceptor
  3. NADP+ is reduced [P700 is oxidised]
  4. P680 reaction center excites an electron
  5. Electrons passed to primary electron acceptor
  6. Electron travels down the ETC
  7. P700 is reduced by the electron
  8. Energy lost pumps H+ into the thylakoid lumen [Chemiosmosis]
  9. P680 splits H2O [Photolysis]
  10. Oxygen is produced
• Which photosystem is first

  P680.
• What does non-cyclic flow use

  P680 and P700
• What does cyclic flow use

  P700
• Describe the cyclic light reaction

  1. Electrons excited at primary electron acceptor
  2. Electrons travel down ETC to P700
  3. Energy lost is used for chemiosmosis
• Does cyclic electron flow use the calvin cycle after

  No
• why does cyclic electron flow not have the calvin cycle after

  P680 is not present to produce oxygen from the photolysis of water. Electrons are not released from the ETC to reduce NADP+.
• What does the calvin cycle produce

  saccharides
• Describe the calvin cycle

  This takes place within the stroma.

  A) Carbon fixation

  B) Reduction

  C) Ribulose biphosphate regenerated

  D) 1 Sugar lost

  E) Rubisco

  F) 3 Carbon dioxide

  G) 3 Ribulose biphosphate [5C]

  H) 3 Phosphoglycerate [3C]

  I) 3 1,3 biphosphoglycerate [3C]

  J) 6 NADP +

  K) 3 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate [3C]

  L) 5 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate [3C]

  M) 3 ADP

  N) 6 ADP

  
• What is produced during the calvin cycle

  • 9 ADP
  • 1 Saccharide
  • 6 NADP+
• What is produced in the cyclic light reaction 


  ATP
• What is produced in the non-cyclic light reaction


  Oxygen, NADPH, ATP
• What is the dark reaction 


  Calvin cycle