cytoskeleton

• What are the main functions of the Cytoskeleton

  • Cell Mobility
  • Cell division
  • Cell shape
  • Movement of organelles and chromosomes
• what are the main fibres in the cytoskelton

  
  

  • Microfilaments
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
• What are the features of Microfilaments

  Made of two actin chains twisted.
• Describe the structure of a microtubule

  Straight hollow rod made of tublins.
• Describe the structure of Intermediate filaments

  Made of fibrous proteins supercoiled into thick cables.
• Describe how Actin filaments are assembled

  Soluble G-actin monomers polymerize forming insoluble F actin.
• What is the Cell cortex

  Network of actin filaments just below the cell surface. Which supports the plasma membrane and enables cell movement.
• How does myosin work

  Uses ATP hydrolysis to walk along the actin filament.
• Which filaments are involved in cytokenesis

  Actin and Myosin 2
• What are the two types of microtubules

  Aconemal and cytoplasmic
• Is the cytoskeleton found in every cell

  Yes
• How is the cytoskeleton targeted in cancer treatment

  Disrupts cell division
• What is the cytoskeleton

  A 3D system of fibres in the cytosol.
• What are the main functions of microfilaments

  Structural and locomotive.
• What are the main functions of intermediate filaments

  Maintenance of cell shape, Ancharoge of organelles.
• What are the main functions of microtublues

  Maintence of cell shabe, motility of cilia or flagella, chromosome and organelle movement
• What type of structure is F actin

  Double right-handed helix.
• Describe the structure of the G-actin monomer

  2 Protein subunits.
• What type of filaments make up the acrosomal process in sperm

  Polymerized actin filaments [F actin]
• what is the role of Myosin 1

  Endocytosis
• What is the role of Myosin 2

  Contraction
• What is the role of myosin 3

  Organelle transport
• What is the function of axonemal microtubules

  Found in basal bodies.
• What is the basal body

  The base of flagella or cilia.
• What is the function of cytoplasmic microtubules

  Maintenance of cell shape, cell movement, Transport vesicles and Anaphase.
• What are the characteristics of axonemal microtubules

  Organized and stable.
• What are the characteristics of cytoplasmic microtubules

  Dynamic and loosely organzied.
• Where are cytoplasmic microtubules found

  cytoplasm
• Where are axonemal microtubules found

  Basal bodies.
• How are microtubules made

  Polymerization of tubulin dimers.
• Describe how microtubules enable movement


  They act as tracks for molecules to move on.
• What are the motor proteins for microtubules

  Protein kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein.
• How do microtubule motor proteins move vesicles

  Attach to the microtubule and the vesicle. ATP hydrolysis enables them to move along the microtubule.
• Which direction does protein kinesin move


  The - to +
• Which direction does cytoplasmic dynein move


  + to -
• What is the positive end of the microtubule called

  Antergrade
• What is the - end of the microtubule called

  Retrograde
• What is the main difference between cilia and flagella


  Cilia are shorter and more numerous.