LITERACY AND LINGUISTICS

• READING LEVELS OF CLIENTS

  LEVEL 1: Below basic
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENTS

  LEVEL 1: Ranges from non-literate in English to the ability to find simple information in a prose text.
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENTS

  LEVEL 1: Can perform simple math such as addition.
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENTS

   LEVEL 2: Basic
•  READING LEVELS OF CLIENTS

  LEVEL 2: Can understand information in short prose texts with everyday language.
•  READING LEVELS OF CLIENTS

  LEVEL 2 : Can use numbers to solve simple or arithmetic problem such as comparing two prices.
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENT 

  LEVEL 3 : Intermediate
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENT

   LEVEL 3 : Understand and can locate information in fairly defense prose documents.
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENT

   LEVEL 3 : Cane make simple inferences from them.
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENT

  LEVEL 4 : Proficient
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENT

  LEVEL 4 : Understand complex prose and analyzes documents.
• READING LEVELS OF CLIENT

  LEVEL 4 : Can solve multistep arithmetic problems.
• 3 CATEGORIES OF LITERARY ACCORDING TO GENERAL KIND OF TASK::

  • PROSE TASK
  • DOCUMENT TASK
  • QUANTITATIVE TASK
• DOCUMENT TASK: Examples include job applications, payroll forms, transportation schedules, maps, tables, and drug or food labels.
• DOCUMENT TASK: (e.g., to search, comprehend, and use non- continuous test in various formats).
• QUANTITATIVE TASK: Examples include balancing a checkbook, figuring out a tip, completing an order from or determining the amount.
• QUANTITATIVE TASK: (e.g., to identify and perform computations, either alone or sequentially, using numbers embedded in printed materials).
• PROSE TASK: Examples include editorials, news stories, brochures, and instructional materials.
• PROSE TASK: (e.g., to search, comprehend, and use continuous text).
• Research findings indicate that most PEMs are written at grade levels that far exceed the reading ability of the majority of patients.
• The readability level of PEMs is between the 10th and 12th grades, yet the range average reading level of adults falls at the 8th grade level.
• People typically read at least 2 grades below their highest level of schooling.
• Sophisticated readers find simplified PEMs acceptable, and preferable when ill.
• Even sophisticated readers may not know medicalese (medically vocabulary).
• PEMs serve no useful teaching purpose if patients are unable to understand them.
• Readability is a measure of how easy a piece of text is to read.
• Readability is a key factor in user experience. Accessible content and trust with your audience.
• The level of complexity of the text, its familiarity, legibility and typography all feed into how readable your text is.
• READABILITY FORMULAS: Originally were designed as predictive averages to rank order the difficulty of books used in specific grades of school.
• READABILITY FORMULAS:

  • Space grade-level score
  • Flesch Formula
  • Got Index
  • Fry readability graph-extended
  • Smog formula
• MEASUREMENT TOOLS TO TEST COMPREHENSION:

  • CLOZE PROCEDURE
  • LISTENING TEST
• CLOZE PROCEDURE: Specifically recommended for assessing medical literature with individuals reading at sixth-grade level or above.
• CLOZE PROCEDURE: Every fifth word is systematically deleted from a portion of a text, and the reader has to fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.
• LISTENING TEST: A three-minute passage, selected from instructional materials written at approximately the fifth-grade level.
• LISTENING TEST: Is read aloud, and then the listener is asked questions on key point relevant to the content.
• LISTENING TEST: Measurement tools to test reading skills and health literacy test.
• MEASUREMENT TOOLS TO TEST READING SKILLS AND HEALTH LITERACY TESTS:

  • WRAT (Wide Range Achievement Test)
  • REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine)
  • TOFHLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults)
  • NVS (Newest Vital Sign)
  • eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale)
  • LAD (Literacy Assessment for Diabetes)
  • SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials)
• WRAT (Wide Range Achievement Test): Measures the person’s ability to correctly pronounce words from a graduated list of 100 words.
• WRAT (Wide Range Achievement Test): It tests word recognition, not vocabulary or comprehension.
• REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine): Measures a person’s ability to read and pronounce medical and health – related vocabulary from three graduated lists in order of length and complexity.