Bones

• How many tissues form a joint

  7
• Define a joint

  Where 2 bones meet
• What are the joint tissues

  Bone.

  Liagent

  Synovium

  Hyaline cartillage.

  Fibrocartillage.

  Muscle

  Tendon
• Bone cells

  Osteoclasts

  Lining cells

  Osteoblasts

  Osteocytes
• Which cells remove bone

  Osteoclasts
• Which cells are invovled in calcium homeostasis

  Lining cells
• Fracture repair

  1. Haematoma

  2. Soft callus made from collagen I

  3. Hard callus [Collagen I is mineralised]

  4. BOne remodelling
• What is the role of ligaments

  To limit movement by resisting tension. They connect bones together.
• What are ligaments made of

  Collagen I
• What is the role of collagen I

  To resist tension
• What is the role of Collagen II

  Attracts water
• What is the role of tendons

  Connect bones to muscle enabling the bone to move
• What are tendons made of

  Collagen I
• What is Hyaline cartilage made of

  Collagen II, proteoglycan and water
• What are the roles of hyaline cartilage

  Coat the ends of bones to reduce friction
• What is fibrocartilage made of

  Collagen I, II, water and proteoglycan
• What is fibrocartillage's role

  Act as a shock absorber
• What is bone made of

  Collagen I and hydroxyapatite
• What is the role of synovium

  To lubricate the joint
• What is synovium made of

  Cells which secrete synovium fluid
• What is the epiphysial growth plate

  Allows bones to fuse together and so the number of bones decreases with age.
• Where does joint tissue develop from

  The mesoderm
• What is ossification

  the making of bone
• What are the types of bone ossification

  Intramembranous and endochrondal.
• Descirbe intramembranous ossification

  Mesenchyme proliferates and condenses to form flat bones.
• Describe endochondral ossification

  The fetal skeleton is made of hyaline cartilage, which is flexible for childbirth.

  Blood vessels invade the cartilage, causing chondrocytes to die and be replaced by bone cells.
• What type of bones are the femur, ulna and humerus

  long
• What type of bones are the carpal bones

  short
• Where is the scaphoid found

  It is one of the carpal bones in the writst
• What type of bones are in the skull

  flat
• What type of bones are in the vertebra

  irregular
• What type of bones are found in the patella

  sesamoid
• Where is the patella found

  Knee caps
• What are the bone types

  long, short, sesamoid, irregular and flat
• Describe the structure of bones

  The epiphyses sit at either end.

  The diaphysis is the cylindrical shaft.

  The medullary [marrow] cavity consists of bone marrow, which is the site of hematopoiesis.
• What type of collagen is more abundant in bone

  1
• Describe the structure of Obl

  Mononuclear.

  Cuboidal in shape.

  Large cytoplasm.

  A large number of organelles.
• What cells produce osteoid

  Osteoblasts
• What do osteoblasts do

  Produce osteoid, which is mineralised to replace bone.
• Which cells produce an epitheloid layer on the bone surface

  Osteoblats