Hearing

Created by

Pierre Gasly

Cards (44)

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Can be divided into motor output (somatic and autonomic) and sensory system (Somatic and special senses).
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What are the main parts of the ear
Outer, middle and inner
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What are the names of the smallest bones in the body
Malleus, Incus, Stapes.
What is the malleus called
The hammer
Whhat is the incus called
The anvil
What is the stapes called
The stirrup
What is the pinna made of
Elastic cartilage
What is hte tympanic membrane
The eardrum
What nerve connects the cochlea to the brain
Auditory nerve
Describe the movement of sound through the ear
Travels down the auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. It then travels through the malleus, incus and stapes. Then it travels to the oval window and into the cochlea.
Where is the organ of corti located
In the cochlea
What does the external auditory canal do
Collects and focuses sound waves
How is sound passed through the middle and inner ear
As vibrations
What is the role of the ligaments in the middle ear
They change the efficiency of sound travel.
Sound travel is most efficient in quiet environments.
What is the innermost part of the cochlea called
The helicotrema
Label the diagram of the ear
X.
A) Outer ear
B) Middle ear
C) Inner ear
D) Auditory canal
E) Pinna
F) Malleus
G) Incus
H) Stapes
I) Semicircular canals
J) Cochlea
K) Auditory nerve
L) Tympanic membrane
Describe the vestibular canal
Connects to the oval window and is made of perilymph.
What are the 3 canals in the cochlea
Vestibular, Tympanic and cochlear
Describe the tympanic canal
Made of perilymph
Label the cochlea
X.
A) Cochlear duct
B) Auditory nerve
C) Organ of Corti
D) Vestibular canal
E) Tympanic canal
F) Basement membrane
What is the difference between endolymph and perlymph
Endolymph has more potassium ions
What type of fluid fills the cochlear duct
endolymph
Where does the organ of corti sit
On the basilar membrane
Describe the features of the basilar membrane
The part closer to the oval window has short, stiff fibres and detects high frequencies.
The part closer to the apex has long, flexible fibres that detect low frequencies.
Describe the movement of sound through the cochlea
The stapes vibrate and pass onto the oval window.
The oval window pushes in as the round window pushes out.
The vibrations travel through the perilymph of the vestibular canal up to the helicotrema.
They then travel through the perilymph of the tympanic canal.
What is the basilar membrane made of
Collagen fibres of different lengths.
Describe how vibrations are transmitted to an electrical signal
As sound travels along the tympanic canal, the basilar membrane vibrates.
Stereo cilia detect movement, which causes depolarisation of the hair cells.
A neurotransmitter is released, which activates sensory neurons.
The signal is sent via the auditory nerve to the brain.
How many rows of hair cells are in the organ of corti
3 outer rows and 1 inner row.
Describe the structure of the hair cells
Stereo cili are on the apical surface. They are made of actin filaments.
What is the vestibulocochlear nerve
The auditory nerve
What is the vestibular apparatus made of
The semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule.
Label this and state what it is
It is the vestibular apparatus.
A) Utricle
B) Semicircular canals
C) Saccule
D) Cochlea
What part of the ear is envolved in balance
The vestibular apparatus
What are the semicircular canals filled with
endolymph
Where are the macula found
in the utricle and saccule
What is this and label it
It is the macula.
A) Otoliths
B) Hair cells
C) Stereo cilia
D) Auditory nerve
What do the otoliths contain
Calcium carbonate
How is head position detected.
When the head is tilted forward, the gravity pulls the otoliths forward. This causes the stereo cilia to bend. A signal is sent to the brain via the auditory nerve.
What detects rotational accelertion and ddeceleration
The semicircular canals
What detects head position
The utricle and saccule.