B7

• casual mechanisms show how one factor influences another through a biological process
• Malignant tumours can spread to healthy tissue and are cancerous. some cells may enter bloodstream and circulate to other parts of body forming more tumours
• Causes of cancer can be genetic factors, mutations in genes, ionising radiation, virus infections
• Cancer can be treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy
• Radioactive materials are a source of ionising radiation and are carcinogenic
• Radiation penetrates cells and damages chromosomes leading to mutations in DNA
• Sources of radiation include UV light from sun, radon gas, medical and dental x-rays and accidents at nuclear power statins
• Benign tumour is tumor that grows in one place and does not invade other tissue
• Benign tumours can be dangerous if they grow in tissue like brain and compress it
• Non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be passed from one person to another
• risk factors to increased rate of disease include age, genetic makeup, lifestyle aspects like diet, level of exercise and environmental factors like ionising radiation
• Correlation is a link between two factors, a rise in one factor may lead to a rise or fall in the other
• large amounts of alcohol affect nervous system, slowing reactions, reflexes and thought processes and very large amounts can cause death
• The liver breaks down alcohol but over time it can be damaged by heavy drinking and person can have cirrhosis caused by scar tissue in liver
• Long-term drinking can cause liver cancer and damage to brain
• Fetal alcohol syndrome is if pregnant person drinks alcohol it can pass over placenta to fetus and cause physical problems like facial deformities and heart problems and after baby is born it can have development and learning problems
• eating too much for your energy needs can make you overweight and possibly obese. obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or heart disease
• people who exercise have bigger muscles hearts and lungs and regular exercise reducs your risk of developing cardiovascular disease
• tobacco smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar and chemcials that anathesies the cilia in airways
• nicotine is an addictive substance
• carbon monoxide is a toxic gas which replaces oxygen in RBCs
• tar is a sticky black substance that accumulates in lungs and is carcinogenic
• chemicals that anashteise cilia in your airways prevent them from wafting up the mucus