Comm Eng

• Citizenship


  is the status of a person recognized under the law as a legal member of a nation
• Article IV Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution


  states the following key points to determine that an individual is a citizen of the Philippines
• Article IV Section 1

  1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this constitution.
  2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines
  3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reachin the age of majority
  4. Those who are naturalize accordance to law
• 2 generally recognized forms of acquiring Philippine citizenship

  1. Citizenship by birth
  2. Citizenship by naturalization
• Citizenship by birth


  based on two principles

  • Jus soli
  • Jus sanguinis
• Jus soli


  the right if soil

  "a person's nationality at birth is determined by her/his place of birth"
• Jus sanguinis


  the right of blood

  "acquires the nationality of her/his natural parents"
• As of 2010, the Philippine nationality law provides that a person becomes a Philippine citizen by birth considering the following factors:

  1. That the person was born on or after October 15, 1986 and at least one parent was a Philippine citizen on the birthdate
• January 17, 1973


  both parents were philippine citizens on the birthdate or the person elected Philippine citizenship pursuant to the provisions of the 1935 constitution
• May 14, 1935

  • the father was a Philippine citizen or, if the father was not, the mother was a Philippine citizen and the person elected Philippine citizenship pursuant to the provisions, of the 1935 Constitution
• August 19, 1916 and priot to May 14, 1935 and at least one parent was an inhabitant and resident of the Philippine Islands and a Spanish subject on April 11, 1899except in certain specific cases
• Citizenship by Naturalization


  is the judicial act of adopting a foreigner and granting him the privileges of a native born citizen
• Section 2 of the Revised Naturalization Law defines the following qualifications for a person to become a naturalized Filipino

  1. 21 years old
  2. 10 years resided in the Ph
  3. must be of good moral character and believes in the principles underlying the Philippine consti
  4. must own real estate in the Philippines worth 5000
  5. able to speak or write English or Spanish
  6. must enrolled her/his minor children of school age
• Commonwealth Act No. 63

  • dated 20 October 1936
  • provides that Philippine citizens may lose citizenship
• Ways to lose a philippine citizeship

  1. by naturalization in a foreign country
  2. renunciation of citizenship
  3. bu subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the consti or laws of a foreign country upon attaining 21 y/o
  4. accepting commission in, the armed forces of a foreign country, an taking an oath of allegiance
  5. cancellation of the certificates by naturalization
  6. a deserer of the Phil armed forces
  7. marriage to a foreigner
• Reacquisition of Philippine Citizenship

  • Republic Act. No. 8171
  • October 23, 1995
  • allows Filipino women married to foreigners and natural born Filipinos, including their children
• Republic Act No. 9225


  provides natural born citizens of the Philippines who had lost their Philippines who had lost their Philippine citizenship due to their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country may reacquire their Philippine citizenship upon taking the oath of allegiance to the Republic
• Citizen Participation


  dynamic and voluntary involvement of the community members to address issues and concerns affecting their community and improve social policies, laws, and programs
• The following are the important concepts emphasized about citizen participation:

  • Participation is voluntary. Participants are committed to exert their efforts.
  • Members focus on the community and do not rely on outside help.
  • Community members work and make their own changes and improvements to the community.
  • Members are aware of the issues and problems confronting the community. •
  • Participants target laws, rules, and regulations affecting the community so these can serve the community and its members better.
• The following are important factors to consider for an effective Citizen Participation Program: 

  • The program should focus on specific needs and the process should be outlined and clarified.
  • The program should be designed to function using available resources of the community.
  • The program should be responsive to the participants
  • The program should clearly explain the roles and responsibilities of the participants.
  • The program should be approved by the community or leaders and meet legal requirements.
• Citizenship participation is defined by two models

  • Cognitive Engangement
  • Social Capital Model
• Cognitive Engagement


  result of individual dispositions such as one's interest or awareness of politics
• Social Capital Model


  based on social interaction among individuals within groups and communities