taxonomy

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• How genetic variation is generated through meiosis
• Evolutionary Puzzle
• Taxonomy


  The science of classifying organisms
• Phylogenetics


  The study of the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
• Cladistics


  The classification of organisms based on shared derived characteristics
• Organisms are classified by their:


  • Physical structure (how they look)
  • Evolutionary relationships
  • Embryonic similarities (embryos)
  • Genetic similarities (DNA)
  • Biochemical similarities
• The History of Classification
• Carl Linnaeus is known as the "father of taxonomy"
• Linnaean classification system


  A hierarchy of taxa, from the kingdom to the species, where each species is given a unique two-word Latin name
• Taxa


  The groupings in the Linnaean classification system, ranging from the kingdom to the species
• Kingdom


  The largest and most inclusive grouping in the Linnaean classification system, consisting of organisms that share just a few basic similarities
• Species


  The smallest and most exclusive grouping in the Linnaean classification system, consisting of organisms that are similar enough to produce fertile offspring together
• Genus


  The grouping that closely related species are placed in
• Binomial nomenclature


  The method of naming species with a unique, two-word Latin name consisting of the genus name and the species name
• Taxonomy


  Classifying organisms into groups based on physical characteristics
• Phylogenetics


  Making groups with the help of physical characteristics of organisms
• Cladistics


  Talking about the actual traits of the organisms
• Collect and analyze data on the characteristics of different species
• Binomial nomenclature is the method of naming species with a unique two-word Latin name consisting of the genus name and the species name
• An example is Homo sapiens, the two-word Latin name for humans, which literally means "wise human"
• Having two names for a species


  Uniquely identifies the species, similar to people having a first and last name
• All existing creatures descended from a small number of original or progenitor species
• Darwin compared the history of life to a great tree, with the trunk representing the common ancestors and the branches and twigs symbolizing the great variety of life that has evolved from them
• Phylogeny involves making groups with the help of physical characteristics of organisms
• Cladistics talks about the actual traits of the organisms