Unit 1

• Chesapeake colonies/ Jamestown


  Southern (Maryland & Virginia)

  - mostly men wanting profit/gold

  - instead got disease

  - sold tobacco as a cash crop
• New England colonies


  Northern (Massachusetts, Connecticut, etc)

  - settled by puritan pilgrims

  - wanted by religious freedom and land to establish a society
• Middle colonies


  - The breadbasket colonies (had good farmland & grew lots of grain)

  - William Penn & Pennsylvania
• Salutary neglect


  British loosely enforced their trading laws so colonies had more autonomy, leading to the growth of self-government
• Great awakening (1730s-1740s)


  - Religious revival/fervor in the American colonies

  - Established religious denominations
• Navigation acts


  Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade exclusively to Britain
• Bacon's rebellion (1676)


  Bacon and his followers protested against the government's lack of protection from the natives
• Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)


  British and French fought over the Ohio River Valley with Natives helping on both sides
• Treaty of Paris


  Ended the French and Indian war and American land from French belonged to British
• Proclamation Line of 1763


  Colonists couldn't expand west of Appalachian mountains to reduce conflicts with Natives
• Taxation without representation


  the idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government
• Sons of Liberty


  Secret society that enforced boycotts of British goods such as wool and textiles
• Intolerable acts


  Closed the port of Boston to punish the Boston Tea party
• Boston Masscre


  "Snowfall fight" at British soldiers, stirred an emotional response with the colonists
• Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775)


  - 1st battle of American Revolution

  - Paul Revere went on his famous ride to warn the minutemen the British were coming

  - "the shot heard around the world"
• Battle of Trenton (1776)


  - Washington Crossed the Delaware River on Dec 25 and caught the Hessians (Europeans)

  - Victory for the patriots which brought hope
• Treaty of Paris 1783


  Ended the American Revolution and recognized US independence
• Enclosure acts


  Common land taken by wealthier people
• Thomas Paine


  Wrote Common Sense supporting the colonists fight for independence from Britain
• What years was the American revolution?

  1775-1783
• Mayflower compact


  Self government by Plymouth pilgrims, wrote their own rules
• Town meetings


  Settlers discussed issues (white males, Protestants, rich)
• Fundamental orders of Connecticut


  first written constitution in America
• Maryland Act of Toleration


  Guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland
• Virginia House of Burgesses


  First representative assembly in the colonies
• Loyalist/tories


  American colonists loyal to British
• Patriots/Rebels


  American colonists against British
• Quartering act


  Colonists had to provide food, shelter, and supplies to British soldiers
• Stamp act


  All printed material had to carry a taxed stamp
• Encomienda system


  Land granted to Spaniards & Natives worked for them
• Navigation Acts


  Controlled trade as colonists could only engage in trade with the British
• What were the causes of colonial resistance to British control?


  - No representation from taxes

  - Trade and commerce mostly benefitted Britain

  - Enlightenment influenced the ideas of liberty

  - Great awakening bounded Americans together
• Enlightenment


  A movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly
• Declaration of Independence


  1776 document explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain
• Opportunists


  People looking for gold/economic advantages
• Separatists


  People escaping religious persecution from England
• How did the American Revolution affect society?


  - Abolished slavery in the northwest

  - Republican motherhood (women raised their sons to be well schooled in civic ideas)

  - Sparked other revolutions around the world