Unit 3

• Election of 1800


  Jefferson is elected president after beating Adams who served 1 term
• Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)


  Adams made it more difficult for immigrants to become US citizens and made it a crime to criticize the government
• Revolution of 1800


  Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution", but it was peaceful/non bloody
• Federalists

  - Alexander Hamilton & John Adams

  - Middle states, New England

  - Loose interpretation

  - National bank, protective tariffs

  - Pro-Britain
• Democratic-Republicans


  - Thomas Jefferson & James Madison

  - Virginia, South

  - Strict interpretation

  - Low taxes to add farmers

  - Pro-France

  - Liberty
• John Marshall


  Chief Justice of the Supreme Court/Led it
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)


  Established judicial review after Adam's appointed midnight judges
• Judicial review


  The Supreme Court judged whether the actions of other branches were constitutional or not
• MuCulloch v. Maryland (1819)


  States couldn't tax the federal bank
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)


  Jefferson purchases territory from Napoleon for Mississippi river and land for farmers
• War of 1812


  A war between US and England bc the British were taking American sailors and they encouraged Natives to attack the Americans
• Embargo Act of 1807


  Prohibited foreign trade over seas
• Battle of Fort McHenry

  British were unable to capture Baltimore, inspired the star spangled banner
• Hartford convention


  Meeting between Federalists who opposed the War of 1813 bc the North was dependent on maritime commerce
• Treaty of Ghent


  Ended the war of 1812 as a draw
• Era of good feelings


  After War of 1812, US experienced national unity and political harmony (Federalist party was fading away)
• Battle of New Orleans


  Andrew Jackson won against Britain without knowing abt the treaty of Ghent
• Rush-Bagot Treaty


  Limited naval vessels on lakes to reduce conflict between US and Britain
• Adams-Onis Treaty


  Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States
• Monroe Doctrine


  Europe can't control the western hemisphere
• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)

  Response to alien sedition acts that declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional
• War hawks


  Those who were eager for war with Britain (John Calhoun & Henry Clay)
• Francis Scott Key


  wrote the Star Spangled Banner at the battle of Fort McHenry
• Barbary Pirates


  North Africans who attacked American ships and tried to ransom American sailors
• Why did the Federalists oppose the War of 1812?

  It would disrupt the maritime trade in the North
• Hartford convention


  Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed its complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence
• Treaty of Ghent


  Ended the War of 1812
• What was the result of the War of 1812 for the US?


  - US gains respect among nations

  - Jackson emerges as a war hero

  - US nationalism grows stronger
• Battle of New Orleans

  Andrew Jackson won at the battle without knowing the Treaty of Ghent was already signed
• American System


  Henry Clay's economic proposal of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements such as roads and canals
• Panic of 1819


  First financial panic as there was over speculation in land and decline in prices
• Missouri compromise (1820)


  - Maintained a balance between free and slave states

  - No slavery above the 36'30 line
• Monroe Doctrine


  Asserted the western hemisphere for US influence, warned Europeans against colonization in the Americas