T5

• 1 MOL AT room temp


  24 dm cubes
• atom economy

  useful product/total reactants *100
• 2.06 *10 to the power of 23


  avagradros constant
• habers process word equation

  nitrogen + hyrdogen <-> ammonia
• equilibrium is reached faster when *3 


  higher temp and pressure and conc and using a catalyst
• conditions for habers process

  200 atm 450 degrees and iron catalyst
• 3 elements used in fertilizers 


  phosphorus, pottasium, nitrogen
• ammonia fertilizer reaction


  ammonia + nitric acid -> ammonium nitrate
• describe preparation of ammonium sulfate in lab

  ammonia and dilute sulfuric react, it is small scale and takes a few stages
• chemical reactions stop when

  reactant is used up
• hydrogen and oxygen produce a voltage in a

  fuel cell, oxygen and hyrdogen pumped through electrodes electrolyte is an acid
• 2 benefits of hydrogen fueld energy

  only water is to waste, continuous if reactants are supplied
• two negatived of hydrogen fuel

  hard to transport, dangerous, expensive
• what is aluminium used for and why

  aircraft, strong but low density
• what is copper used for and why

  wires, conducts electricity well
• what is gold used for and why

  jewlery, resistant to corrosion due to unreactivity
• transition metals properties


  form coloured compounds, good catalysts, high melting points, high density
• what is corrosion


  the destruction of a material by chemical reactions with substances in the enviroment
• 3 ways rusting can be prevented

  painting, oils and grease, coating with plastic
• what does aluminium have to prevent corrosion


  oxide coating, excludes reactants of rusting
• what absorbs water vapour

  desiccant
• what is sacrificial protection


  when the metal you want to protect is galvanised with a more reactive metal
• what does electroplating do 


  improves apperance and excludes oxygen and water to prevent rusting
• how is electroplating done

  metal you want to be plated at the cathode and the metal plating at the anode, the eletrolyte solution must contain ions from the metal which will form the outer coating, a DC power supply is connected
• steel is a mixture of

  carbon and iron
• low carbon steels are

  easily chaped
• high carbon steels are

  used for cutting tools
• rusting requires


  iron oxygen and water
• concordant means 


  within 0.2 cm3 of each other
• phosphate rock + phosphoric acid =

  calcium phosphate
• difference between a battery and a cell

  cell is one cell battery is multiple
• positive of using fuel cells over batteries

  less pollutant, high efficiency and reliable
• what causes metals to corrode


  oxygen reacts to form metal oxide
• what is corrosion with a metal (the reaction)

  redox (metal loses electrons and oxygen gains electrons)
• what metal is used for sacraficial protection of iron

  zinc
• why is iron alloyes to form steel

  it is very brittle, makes it have more desirable qualities
• what is magnallium


  alloy of magnesium and alluminium
• what is magnalium used for


  lighter and stronger and more resistant to corrosion, cars and aircrafts
• what is brass


  alloy of copper and zinc
• what is brass used for


  hard and resistant to corrosion, decorative hardwares