L3

• Cultural relativism – the practice that one must understood in the context of their locality; practice by assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture
•       Subculture – have a specific and unique set of beliefs and values that set them apart from dominant culture

  Examples: emos, hipsters, hippies, punks
• Enculturation -process of learning one's native culture
•       Counter Culture – A group that actively rejects the dominant cultural values and norms

  Examples: civil rights activist, feminist group, environmental groups
• SOCIAL STRATIFCATION - it refers to a process of interaction or differentiation whereby some people come to rank higher than others; division in society into different classes or layers.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

      SOCIAL -biological traits do not determine social superiority and inferiority until they are socially recognized

      ANCIENT -stratification on the basis of age, sex, physique, and economic position

      UNIVERSAL -higher castes and lower castes, found in all the communities around the globe

      DIVERSE -societies around the globe have not been uniform

      CONSEQUENTIAL -the members of a class have similar social chances but the social chances vary in every society.

   
• TYPES OF SOCIAL STRTIFICATION

  1.     SLAVERY -the ownership of people; the most closed system

  2.     ESTATE SYSTEM -defined by control over land

  3.     CASTE SYSTEM -born into unequal groups depending on the status of their parents

  4.     CLASS SYSTEM -form of stratification allows for much easier up or down-moving; far the most open

  5.     CLASSLESS SYSTEM -some large nations have done their best to eliminate stratification
• SOCIAL MOBILITY - ability to rise in rank or improve one’s social status by gaining power, wealth and prestige
• VERTICAL MOBILITY

  1.       DOWNWARD MOBILITY-social status was downgraded because of unfortunate instances.

  2.       UPWARD MOBILITY-one is able to upgrade, their social status or rise in rank.
• HORIZONTAL MOBILITY - happens when one’s slight change in situations does not affect their social standing