ucsp

• Culture


  Beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge; everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society; a byproduct of the attempt of humans to survive their environment; compensate for their biological characteristics and limitations
• Evolution


  Natural process of biological changes occurring in a population across successive generations; physiological development and eventually the emergence of different society
• Hominids


  Manlike Primates; 40 million years ago; relics of hominids which could be described as manlike primates; Ramapithecus, Lucy and Australopithecus
• Homo Habilis


  Apelike men who first used stone tools as weapons and protection of their enemies; first true human; lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago; first to write
• Homo Erectus


  Manlike species could walk straight with almost the same brain as modern man; made refined stone stools for hunting and weapons for protection of the enemies; major discovered fossils: Pithecanthropus Erectus "Java Man" and Sinanthropus Pekinensis "Peking Man"
• Homo Sapiens


  The direct ancestor of modern man who lived about 250,000 years ago; similar physical descriptions with modern man; originated as the primitive men whose activities were largely dependent on hunting, fishing and agriculture; buried their dead, used hand tools, and had religion; developed the wheels
• Why did we evolve? Because of the changes man went through.
• Four biological capacity of human to develop culture


  • Our Thinking Capacity
  • Our Gripping Capacity
  • Our Speaking Capacity
  • Our Walking/Standing Capacity
• Our Thinking Capacity


  The primary biological component of humans that allowed for culture is the developed brain; It has the necessary parts for facilitating pertinent skills such as speaking, touching, feeling, seeing, and smelling; Compared with other primates, humans have a larger brain, weighing 1.4 kg. Due to the size of brain and the complexity of its parts, humans were able to create survival skills that helped them adapt to their environment and outlive their less adaptive biological relatives
• Our Gripping Capacity


  This capacity to directly oppose your thumb with your other fingers is an exclusive trait of humans. It allowed us to have a finger grip, power grip, and precision grip
• Our Speaking Capacity


  As the brain is the capacity source of humans' capacity to comprehend sound and provide meaning to it, the vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values; humans have longer vocal tract
• Our Walking/Standing Capacity


  Primates locomotion; bipedal (1) humans gained more capacity to move while carrying objects with their free hands. It gave humans more capacity or productivity with their hands like hunting and foraging; quadrupedalism: uses all four limbs; trade -> economy -> hierarchy
• Human Evolution is now 100 times faster because of the brain, technology, lifestyle, medicine
• We are Cooling Down: bodies are cooling
• Our Genes are constantly changing: medicines -> pathogens; genes change for us to adapt
• Our Bones are becoming lighter: sedentary lifestyle
• Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)


  Use of simple pebble tools; Learned to live in caves; Discovered the use of fires; Developed small sculptures; and monumental painting, incised designs, and reliefs on the wall of caves; Food-collecting cultures, hunter gathering; homonids and homohabilis
• Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)


  Stone tools were shaped by polishing or grinding; Settlement in permanent villages; Dependence on domesticated plants or animals; Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving; Food-producing cultures, farming; wheels, ovens, furnace, mortar
• Age of Metals


  The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron; The civilization which defines a more developed social, cultural, political and economic system; It had already direct contacts through tribes, kingdoms, empire and later on state which the constant political activities were through conquest, wars and trade; trade: jewelry, metallurgy
• Socialization


  The process by which children and adults learn from each other; It continues across the life span as long as people continue to learn from social experiences
• Importance of Socialization


  • Socialization converts man, the biological being into man, the social being
  • Socialization contributes to the development of personality
  • Socialization helps us to become disciplined (because of social norms)
  • Socialization helps us to enact different roles
  • Socialization provides the knowledge and skills
• Agents of Socialization


  • Family
  • Peers
  • School
  • Workplace
  • Religion
  • Government
  • Mass Media