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• Social Group


  Any system of social relationships in which members have a culture that defines the roles and statuses from which members are differentiated from non-members
• Members of society belong to the following social groups


  • Primary Group
  • Secondary Group
  • In-group or We Group
  • Out-group or They Group
  • Reference Group
  • Network Group
• Primary Group


  • Most fundamental unit of human society
  • Small group, hence, intimate
  • Informal and relaxed
• Secondary Group


  • Members play active and passive roles
  • Formed for a purpose
  • Accommodates large number of members
  • Much less likely to be influential on one's identity
• In-group or We Group


  A group to which a person belongs, and with which he or she feels sense of identity
• Out-group or They Group


  A group to which one does not belong and to which he or she may feel hostility
• Reference Group


  A group which has a strong influence on an individual's, beliefs, values, behavior and attitude
• Network Group


  Refers to the structure of relationship which has interconnections, ties, and linkages between people, their groups, and the larger social institutions to which they all belong
• Descent


  The origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality. It is a biological relationship.
• Principles of Descent


  • Unilineal system
  • Matrilineal
  • Patrilineal Kinship
  • Bilineal kinship
• Kinship


  The most universal and basic of all human relationships; connection by blood or marriage or adoption
• Types of Kinship


  • Consanguineal Kinship
  • Affinal Kinship
• Types of Kinship by Marriage

  • Monogamy
  • Polygamy
  • Endogamy or compulsory marriage
  • Exogamy or out-marriage
• Types of Kinship by Marriage

  • Referred marriage
  • Arranged marriage
• Kinship by Ritual

  Compadrazgo - this can be done through the performance of Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage. This "compadrazgo" becomes the spiritual parents of the child or as co-parents.
• Types of Family and Household

  • Nuclear Family
  • Extended Family
  • Blended/Step Family
  • Conditionally separated family
  • Transnational family
• Political Dynasties


  Refer to family members who are involved in politics for several generations
• Political Alliances


  Political parties tend to align or agree to cooperate to each other for common political agenda; to ensure victory in the elections or guarantee the passage of legislation