9) The impact of the depression of 1929

• Black Thursday


  October 24, 1929

  stock market crashes and almost 13 million shares are sold that day alone
• Black Tuesday


  October 29, 1929

  the value of the largest American companies fell by 10 billion dollars on that day alone
• How many Germans registered as unemployed by 1932

  1/3

  however, many were not actually registered, so the estimated true number is about 8 million
• export trade between 1929 and 1932


  declined by 61%
• industrial production between 1929 and 1932


  fell by 58%
• Result of campaign against double earners in May 1932


  law passed allowing married female civil servants to be dismissed if they were financially secure

  Reich postal dismissed about 1000 married women
• unemployment in 14-25 year olds


  39%
• juveniles accused of crimes in Hamburg

  almost 1000 by 1932
• Schemes to help the Youth Unemployed


  established day centers for socialising and getting them off the streets

  compulsory and voluntary emergency labour schemes (not very popular) - gave youths unskilled manual labour for under minimum wage
• rise in unemployment


  from around 600,000 in 1928 to over 6,000,000 by 1933
• indicators of poverty


  rise in diseases linked to poverty like tuberculosis and rickets, malnutrition amongst children, suicide rates, shanty towns appearing on edges of cities like Berlin
• Town of Brand - Erbisdorff


  Centre for glass making

  By April 1931, after the local glassworks closed, nearly half of the population was receiving welfare payments
• cause of the collapse of the grand coalition

  The Wall Street Crash led to state budget in deficit by the end of 1929 which split the coalition

  DVP (Right) - wanted to reduce unemployment benefits

  SPD (Left) - wanted to protect welfare benefits by increasing taxes
• increase in the number of laws passed by decree

  5 in 1930 to 66 in 1932
• Communist votes in the September 1930 election

  over a million
• Nazis votes in the September 1930 election


  nearly 6.5 million - 107 seats (making them the second largest party after the SPD)
• how many votes went to anti-democratic parties

  2/5
• number of Nazi men they claimed killed in clashes with communists

  29
• number of communist men they claimed killed in clashes with Nazis

  92
• Number of SA members by the end of 1932

  400,000