chapter 1 : cells

• Cell membrane

  Controlls the movement of certain substances in or out the cell, made from lipids and proteins, is a partially permeable membrane
• Cell wall

  Gives the plant cell a fixed, rigid shape, protects the plant cell, is fully permeable (does not control movement)
• Cytoplasm

  Site where most cell activities occur (chemical reactions)
• Vacuoles


  In animals; multiple small temporary vacuoles that store food and water. In plants; one large central, permanent, vacuole that stores cell sap (sugar, salts & amino acids).
• Nucleus


  Controls cell activities such as growth, and repair, essential for cell division
• Chloroplasts


  Contains green pigment called chlorophyll, chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis
• Mitochondria

  Site of respiration, the release of energy from glucose
• Ribosomes


  Small round structures that combine amino acids into proteins
• Protoplasm


  Made from nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
• Organelles of a typical animal cell
• How to differentiate between chloroplast and mitochondria: mitochondria has shorter folds in a 'Z pattern', chloroplast has longer lines that look like 'pancakes', chloroplast is usually much larger than the mitochondria
• LO: compare the 3 key differences between typical animal cells and plant cells