Solutions

• Solution


  A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances
• Solute


  The pure substance present in lesser amounts
• Solvent


  The more abundant substance
• Ways to classify solutions


  • Phase of the solvent
  • Saturation
  • Concentration
• Liquid solutions


  • Solutions where the solvent is a liquid
• Solid solutions


  • Solutions where the solvent is solid
• Gaseous solutions


  • Solutions where the solvent is a gas
• Unsaturated solution


  The amount of solute is less than the solute's solubility at a given volume and temperature
• Saturated solution


  The amount of solute is equal to the solute's solubility at a given volume and temperature
• Supersaturated solution


  The amount of solute is greater than the solute's solubility at a given volume and temperature
• Concentrated solution


  A solution that contains an excessively large amount of solute
• Diluted solution


  A solution of low concentration, prepared through the process of dilution
• Liquid-liquid solution


  • Rubbing alcohol (ethanol in water)
• Solid-liquid solution


  • Brine (salt in water)
• Solid-solid solution


  • Steel
• Liquid-solid solution


  • Amalgam (mercury in gold)
• Gas-solid solution


  • Hydrogen gas in palladium metal
• Solid-gas solution


  • Camphor in nitrogen gas
• Liquid-gas solution


  • Water vapor in the air
• Gas-gas solution


  • Air
• A carbonated drink is an example of liquid-liquid solution
• Amalgam is a solution of liquid mercury in gold
• An aliquot does not have the same concentration as the stock solution
• Air is a gaseous solution
• Rubbing alcohol is a liquid-liquid solution