Research

• Curiosity


  • Strong desire to know or learn something
  • Desire to learn, explore, and understand the world around us
  • Involves asking questions, seeking knowledge, and being eager to discover new information
  • Drives scientific inquiry and fuels the pursuit of knowledge and understanding
• Intellectual Honesty


  • Acknowledging others' work
  • Commitment to truth, transparency, and integrity in intellectual pursuits
  • Involves being truthful in presenting information, acknowledging limitations, and avoiding biases or conflicts of interest
  • Essential for maintaining credibility and trust in scientific research and communication
• Open-mindedness


  • Willingness to consider new ideas, perspectives, and evidence without prejudice or preconceived notions
  • Involves being receptive to alternative viewpoints, being flexible in one's thinking, and being willing to revise beliefs based on new information
  • Promotes creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking in scientific endeavors
• Skepticism


  • Doubt as to the truth of something
  • Questioning and critically evaluating claims, arguments, and evidence before accepting them as true
  • Involves maintaining a healthy level of doubt, skepticism, and scrutiny towards new information or claims, even when they align with one's existing beliefs
  • Helps guard against misinformation, pseudoscience, and bias in scientific inquiry
• Objectivity


  • Commitment to impartiality, neutrality, and fairness in scientific investigations and conclusions
  • Involves basing conclusions on empirical evidence, data, and logical reasoning rather than personal biases, emotions, or preferences
  • Ensures that scientific findings are reliable, credible, and free from subjective influence
• Perseverance


  • Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success
  • Determination, persistence, and resilience to overcome challenges, setbacks, and obstacles in scientific research and inquiry
  • Involves staying committed to a goal, continuing to work towards solutions, and not giving up in the face of difficulties
  • Essential for making progress, achieving breakthroughs, and advancing knowledge in science
• Introduction


  • Presentation of the problem
  • The existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that needs a solution
  • Rationale of the study
  • Historical background of the problem
  • A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a situation, circumstance, or phenomenon
  • A desire to find a better way of doing something or of improving a product
  • A desire to discover something
  • Geographical conditions of the study locale
  • A link between the introduction and the statement of the problem
• Statement of the Problem

  • The general statement of the problem and the specific sub problems or questions should be formulated first before conducting the research
  • Specific subproblems are stated in the interrogative form
  • Each specific question must be clear and unequivocal, researchable, based on known facts and phenomena, and contribute to the development of the whole research problem
  • The number of specific questions should be enough to cover the development of the whole research problem or study
• Hypothesis


  • Historical and descriptive investigations do not need explicit hypotheses and assumptions
  • Only experimental studies need expressly written assumptions and hypotheses
• Scope and Delimitations


  • Brief statement of the general purpose of the study
  • The subject matter and topics studied and discussed
  • The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong
  • The population or universe from which the respondents were selected
  • The period of the study
• Limitations


  Weaknesses of the study beyond the control of the researcher, especially in descriptive research where the variables involved are uncountables or continuous variables
• Significance of the Study

  • The rationale, timeliness, and/or relevance of the study to existing conditions
  • Possible solutions to existing problems or improvement to unsatisfactory conditions
  • Who are to be benefitted and how they are going to be benefitted
  • Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge
  • Possible implications
• Definition of Terms


  • Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings in the study are defined
  • Definitions may be taken from published materials or developed by the researcher
  • Definitions should be as brief, clear, and unequivocal as possible
  • Acronyms should always be spelled out fully
• Methodology


  • The specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic
  • Answers questions like how, what, where, when, what, who
  • Includes gathering of materials, preparing of set-ups, tests or experimentations, sampling data analysis, and materials used for each step
  • May include photographs, lay-outs, schematic diagrams or drawings
• Research Design


  A complete sequence of steps or procedures that needs to be followed when obtaining the needed data during an investigation
• Experimental Design


  • A description of what a researcher would like to find out and how to find it out
  • Involves considering variables, experimental groups, and control groups
• Experimental Groups


  Also called treatment groups, they receive the change of the independent variable
• Control Groups


  • Receive the exact treatment as the experimental groups except they do not receive the change of the independent variable
  • Positive control is a reference or standard that is known to produce results
  • Negative control is the opposite of a positive control, not expected to produce results