Respiratory system Quiz

• Aerobic cellular respiration

  The series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell that provide energy and consume oxygen
• Phosphorylation

  The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule; in aerobic cellular respiration the phosphate group is added to ADP, creating the ATP molecule in which energy is stored
• Gas exchange

  The process whereby the body cells obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
• Ventilation

  The process in more complex organisms that ensures a flow of oxygen-rich air to the lungs
• Trachea

  The tube leading from the mouth toward the lungs
• Bronchus

  One of the two main branches of the trachea that lead towards the lungs
• Alveolus

  A tiny sac at the end of a bronchiole that forms the respiratory membrane
• Diaphragm

  A large sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that is the primary muscle in breathing
• External intercostal muscles

  A muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity
• Internal intercostal muscles

  A muscle that pulls the rib cage downward, increasing pressure inside the chest cavity
• Pleural membrane

  A thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
• Pneumothorax

  A collapsed lung caused by the introduction of air between the pleural membranes
• Partial pressure

  The pressure of each of the individual gases that make up the total pressure of a mixture of gases
• Plasma

  The liquid component of blood in which blood cells are suspended
• Hemoglobin

  The protein in red blood cells that bonds with oxygen and enables the transport of oxygen around the body
• Asthma

  A chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles that obstructs airflow
• COPD

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis
• Cystic fibrosis

  A disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body. It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young adults. It is a life-threatening disorder
• Total lung capacity

  Volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
• Tidal volume

  The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle
• Inspiratory reserve volume

  The volume of air that can forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation
• Expiratory reserve volume

  The volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
• Residual volume

  The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
• Vital capacity

  The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled
• VO₂

  An estimated or measured value representing the rate at which oxygen is used in the body, measured in milliliters per kilogram per minute
• VO₂ max

  The maximum rate at which oxygen can be used in an individual, measured in milliliters per kilogram per minute