Types and Parts of Resarch (Q4 QT REVIEW ENGLISH ICE 1)

• Quantitative research


  Involves the generation of data in quantitative form which can be subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis in a formal and rigid way
• Quantitative data collection

  • A researcher uses an instrument to measure the variables in the study
• Research instrument

  A tool for observing, measuring, or documenting quantitative data
• Research instruments


  • survey questionnaires
  • tests
  • checklists used to observe a student's or teacher's behaviors
• Qualitative research

  Multi-method in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter
• Aim of qualitative research


  To explore phenomena through first-hand experience and present a structured attempt at understanding how people derive meaning from their surroundings and how their meanings shape their behaviors
• Qualitative research


  • Study design is iterative: concepts and data collection methods can be adjusted as the research progresses
  • A fundamental assumption is that a profound understanding of the world can be gained through conversation and observation in natural settings rather than through experimental manipulation under artificial conditions
  • Exploratory motives: no prior knowledge about a phenomenon, a need for an initial exploration of recurrent patterns and concepts in a research area
• Qualitative data


  Collected in the form of words by conducting observation, field notes, video and tape recording, focus group discussions, semi-structured and in-depth interviews
• Qualitative data analysis


  The researcher tries to identify categories that describe what happened, and organize them into major themes that provide broader explanations to the phenomenon under study
• Research designs

  • Basic (pure research focusing on scientific questions)
  • Descriptive (highlights the characteristics of a specific individual, condition or unit)
  • Correlational (measures the degree of association between two or more variables)
  • Ethnographic (study of the culture/characteristics of a group in real-world rather than laboratory settings)
  • Experimental (uses manipulation and controlled testing to understand causal processes)
  • Case study (study of an instance in action)
  • Historical (analysis of events from the distant or recent past)
  • Action (spearheaded for the use of assisting improvement)
• Background of the Study


  Includes purpose and reason behind the conduct of the study, serves as the introduction
• Statement of the Problem

  The main problem that the research is trying to solve, specifically points the important questions that the study needs to answer
• Significance of the Study

  Identifies who will benefit from the research and how they will be benefitted, should match with the Recommendations
• Assumptions of the Study


  The expected outcome of the research
• Scope and Limitations of the Study


  Determines the coverage of the study and all the things that it will not cover in order to be specific
• Definition of Terms


  Defines technical terms based on how they are used in the study, specifically in the title
• Review of Related Literature


  The researcher's own work, requiring command of language and writing skills such as summarizing, paraphrasing and writing indirect speeches
• Method of Research


  The kind of research used by the study, answers why the method used is appropriate
• Subjects of the Study


  Describes the respondents: who they are, what their profile is, where they are from, etc.
• Description of Research Instrument


  Describes the instrument, which is the questionnaire
• Data Gathering Procedure


  Narrates the process undergone by the study that eventually leads to the findings
• Statistical Treatment Applied


  The statistical treatment that will be used, including sampling method and formulas
• Results of the Study


  Presents all the data gathered using the questionnaire by tabulating all the gathered information, with interpretation of each presented data
• Summary of Findings


  Summarizes the interpretation of data, directly answering the statement of the problem
• Conclusions


  Provides the answers for every statement of the problem, proves the hypotheses and assumptions
• Recommendations


  Includes the recommended actions that should be done after the conduct of the study, such as further assessment of the subject, focus on other factors, etc.
• Good research question


  Specific, focused, and answerable through research
• Bad research question


  Broad, unfocused, or not answerable through research