The idea that we are born with certain features that are inherited
What is labelling?
The process of attaching a definition or meaning to a person or grouo
What is material deprivation?
A lack of resources and wealth needed for educational success
What is subculture?
The development of a culture separate from the rest of society. The group have their own set of values that are different from mainstream society
What is polarisation?
The second stage of the formation of a subculture, where students in highsets become more motivated, whereas peerpressure causes the behaviour of students in lowsets to deteriorate
What is fatalism?
The subcultural value of believing in fate
What is collectivism?
The subcultural value where the workingclass believe that being part of a group is more important than acting as an individual
What is immediategratification?
The subcultural value that causes students to want to gain smaller rewards straight away rather than wait for larger ones
What is cultural capital?
The middleclass advantage of having knowledge, values, tastes and experiences that lead to educational success
What is economic capital?
The middleclass advantage of having enough wealth to give their children the bestchance of educational success
What is social capital?
The middleclass advantage of knowingpeople who can help 'open doors' for you - connections and contacts
What is marketisation?
The way in which schools are run like businesses
What is elaborated code?
Language styles which have a wider vocabulary, are complex and have longer sentences
What is restricted code?
Languages styles which have a limited vocabulary, are simple and have shorter sentences