Response to exercise + metabolism

• All organisms respire in order to release energy to fuel their living processes
• Respiration


  Can be aerobic, which uses glucose and oxygen, or anaerobic which uses only glucose
• Response to exercise


  1. Breathing rate and volume of each breath increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove the carbon dioxide produced

  2. Heart rate increases, to supply the muscles with extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide produced
• If insufficient oxygen is available to the muscles


  Muscles begin to respire anaerobically
• Anaerobic respiration


  Lactic acid is produced from glucose, instead of carbon dioxide and water
• During long periods of vigorous activity

  • Lactic acid levels build up
  • Glycogen reserves in the muscles become low as more glucose is used for respiration, and additional glucose is transported from the liver
• Oxygen debt


  The amount of extra oxygen required by the body for recovery after vigorous exercise
• As body stores of glycogen become low


  The person suffers from muscle fatigue
• All organisms respire in order to release energy to fuel their living processes
• Aerobic respiration


  Uses glucose and oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  Uses only glucose
• Liver converts lactic acid back to glucose which needs oxygen
• Oxygen debt


  The amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body's reserves of oxygen
• When a period of exercise is over

  Lactic acid must be removed
• Lactic acid is taken to the liver by the blood


  It is either oxidised to carbon dioxide and water, or converted to glucose, then glycogen
• when processes that require oxygen(that dont have any) and gain some

  Breathing rate and heart rate do not return to normal straightaway
• When someone who has been exercising pays back an oxygen debt, it can take from a few hours for normal exercise, to several days after a marathon
• Respiration


  The process by which organisms release energy from organic compounds, such as glucose, to fuel their living processes
• Respiration


  • Can be aerobic, which uses glucose and oxygen
  • Can be anaerobic, which uses only glucose
• Aerobic respiration


  Respiration that uses glucose and oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  Respiration that uses only glucose
• Metabolism


  All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism, including respiration
• Metabolism in plants


  1. Reactions that build up substances following photosynthesis

  2. Reactions that break down compounds
• Metabolism in animals


  1. Reactions that build up substances following the absorption of the products of digestion

  2. Reactions that break down compounds
• Glycogen


  Broken down to meet short-term demands for energy
• Lipids


  Broken down for longer term energy
• Proteins


  May be broken down during starvation