joints

• joints are where bones meet
• hinge joint

  elbow : articulating bones that make up the joint = humerus ulna and radius

  knee: articulating bones that make up the joint = femur and tibia
• ball and socket joint 


  shoulder: the articulating bones that make up the joint = humerus and scapula

  hip: the articulating bones that make up the joint = pelvis and femur
• components of a synovial joint

  CARTILAGE = found on the end of articulating bones

  prevents bones from rubbing together

  helps absorb shock during high impact activities

  does not heal very well

  tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue

  poor blood supply
• components of a synovial joint


  LIGAMENT= connects bone to bone

  helps stop dislocation at the joint

  helps to stabilise the joint helps maintain correct technique

  short, tough and flexible
• components of a synovial joint

  TENDON= joins muscle to bone

  trasmits power needed to pull on bone to produce movement

  tough or elastic material

  stong, flexible elastic tissue
• components of synovial fluid

  SYNOVIAL FLUID= keeps the joints healthy

  lubricates the joints

  protects the cartilage and prevents injury

  secreted into the joint by the synovial membrane

  nourishes the cartilage
• circumduction is an amalgamation of the movements of flexion and extension
• flexion


  is a movement that decreases the angle at the joint between two body parts
• extension


  is a movement that increases the angle at a joint between two boydy parts
• abduction


  when you move a limb away from the centre of the body and results in a sideways movement

  eg

  preparing for a cartwheel
• adduction


  when you bring a limb back towards the centre of the body

  eg

  this happens at the hip when you bring your leg into the body
• rotation


  occurs at a ball and socket joint, movement round a fixed point

  eg

  first position in ballet