Changing landscapes

• How are igneous rocks formed?

  From the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava.
• What are igneous rocks called?

  Primary rocks
• What are examples of igneous rocks?

  Basalt and granite
• How are metamorphic rocks created?

  When igneous or sedimentary rock change because of heat or pressure
• In metamorphic rocks what is formed?

  Crystals are formed in layers
• Characteristics of igneous rocks

  Hard rock and more resistant to erosion
• Characteristics of metamorphic rocks

  Dense and hard rock
• How are sedimentary rocks formed?

  Formed when weathered igneous rocks and dead plants and animals form in layers and get compressed together
• What are examples of metamorphic rocks?

  Marble and slate
• What are examples of sedimentary rocks?

  Chalk and sandstone
• What are sedimentary rocks called?

  Secondary rock as they are formed from already existing rocks
• North west of the uk is mainly harder, igneous and metamorphic rocks creating landscapes.
• South east of the uk is mainly softer, sedimentary rocks creating lowland landscapes
• What is geology?

  The study of rocks and rock types
• Geology affects the landscape. In the north west of the uk the geology is mainly igneous and created from magma and lava. Many hills and mountains found here are extinct volcanoes
• Sedimentary rocks are easily eroded and worn down so lowland areas are created
• Tectonic plates also affects the landscape. Millions of years ago, the uk used to be close to plate boundaries. When two plates met, mountain landscapes were created in Scotland, the Lake district and North wales
• Physical processes create distinctive landscapes:

  Upland areas have been shaped by-

  
  

  GLACIAL EROSION - during the last ice age, large glaciers were present in Northern England and Scotland. As these moved, they changed the shape of the land and created landforms such as corries and U Shaped Valleys.

  
  

  WEATHERING & SLOPE PROCESSES - causes rock fragments to break off and fall down the cliff creating scree slopes.

  
  

  CLIMATE - high levels of precipitation on mountains (relief rainfall) cause many streams which erode the land over time.
• Human activity creates distinctive landscapes

  AGRICULTURE- sheep farming in upland areas and arable (crop farming) in fertile lowlands. Forest areas have been cleared and drainage ditches have been built to support the expansion of farming in the UK.

  FORESTRY - Many UK upland areas have been planted with trees.

  These are planted in straight rows to make it easier to harvest for timber.

  SETTLEMENTS - the building of towns and cities have cleared lots of areas of forest and natural land.
• Physical processes at work on the coast

  Weathering, mass movement, erosion, transportation, deposition