reproduction in humans

• label the male reproductive system: 1) ureter 2) bladder 3) seminal vesicle 4) prostrate gland 5) scrotum 6) epididymis 7) testis 8) urethra 9) sperm duct 10) penis

  
• what is the function of testes: produce sperm & male hormones— testosterone. receives blood from blood vessels through spermatic cord
• what is the function of scrotum: holds the testes outside body cavity, development of the sperm requires a temp lower than the body temp
• what is the function of prostrate gland: base of urinary bladder and pathway of secretion of fluid which mixes with sperm
• what is the function of urethra: carries urine & semen
• what is the function of penis: contains spongy and erectile tissue with numerous blood capillaries
• label the female reproductive system: 1) ureter 2) ovary 3) anus 4) cervix 5) vagina 6) vulva 7) bladder 8) uterine lining 9) uterus 10) fallopian tube

  
• what is the function of ovaries: site where ovum or egg develops. production of female sex hormones— oestrogen and progesterone
• what is the function of fallopian tube/oviducts: leads the egg from the ovary to the uterus. egg is usually fertilised in the oviduct.
• what is the function of uterus: site where foetus develops during pregnancy.
• what is the function of cervix: circular ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus
• what is the function of vagina: site of sperm deposition during intercourse. passage way for baby exit during delivery
• what happens from day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle: mensuration occurs. endometrium lining breaks down out of body via vagina
• what happens from day 6-13 of the menstrual cycle: ovaries secrete oestrogen to promote repair and growth of the endometrium lining
• what happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle: ovulation— high level of oestrogen induce the release of ovum
• what happens from day 15-28 from menstrual cycle: ovaries secrete progesterone to maintain the endometrium lining and further thickens it in preparation for fertilisation
• what happens on day 28 of the menstrual cycle: no implantation— progesterone and oestrogen levels drop, leading to mensuration, endometrium lining sheds. implantation— progesterone and oestrogen maintained at a high level for the development of embryo
• what is fertilisation: fusion of haploid sperm nucleus with haploid ovum nucleus, forming a zygote, which is a fertilised diploid egg
• describe the process of implantation: cilia lining of oviduct sweep zygote along oviduct. peristaltic movement of oviduct help zygote move towards the uterus. zygote undergoes mitosis to form embryo. embryo moves down to the uterus and embedded into the uterine lining
• what is the function of amniotic sac: membrane that surrounds the foetus and secretes fluid known as amniotic fluid
• what is the function of amniotic fluid: acts as cushion to absorb shock & protect foetus. allow the foetus to move freely. prevent foetus from dehydration
• what is the function of the placenta: site for exchange of nutrients, gases and waste between foetus and mother. provide nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and oxygen. remove metabolic waste materials such as urea and CO2
• what is the function of the umbilical cord: connects the embryo to the placenta. one umbilical vein transport oxygenated blood & food substances from the placenta to the foetus. two umbilical arteries to transport deoxygenated blood and metabolic waste products from foetus to placenta
• how is HIV transmitted: through the exchange of bodily fluid. sexual intercourse. receive blood transfusion from infected donor
• how to reduce transmission of HIV: abstinence, have sexual intercourse with one partner