kings of rome

• what were romulus' initiatives?

  - created a social hierarchy which split people into the patricians and plebeians

  - created the patron client system in which the patricians would work for the plebeians and the plebeians would fight in wars for them

  - built an asylum for those seeking shelter

  - created the senate

  - created different military units; celeres were bodyguards for the king in battle, centurions were commanders, tribunes organised military service and eques men were cavalry

  - built a temple for jupiter
• what were numa pompilius' initiatives?

  - disbanded the celeres to show he wanted peace

  - created the leaping priests who would sing hymns while carrying sacred shields

  - built the temple of janus in which when the doors were closed it meant peace and when the doors were open it meant war

  - created a priesthood for quirinus, romulus and mars which is said to inspire the idea of the holy trinity

  - created the lunar calendar

  - created the flamen dialis who was a religious priest

  - created the pontiff who was responsible for religious ceremonies

  - gave the homeless romulus' land

  - adopted the practise of the vestal virgins from alba longa
• what were tullus hostilius' initiatives?

  - added alban men to the senate

  - created an alban cavalry

  - gave roman citizenship to albans

  - created the right to appeal in court

  - neglected his religious activities

  - went to war with alba longa
• what were ancus marcius' initiatives?

  - built the first prison in rome

  - created salt works

  - brought the janiculum hill to rome

  - added to the temple of jupiter

  - wanted to start war appropriately by asking elders of tribes if war was justifiable

  - built the quirites trench

  - extended rome to the sea

  - made rome wealthy

  - brought back numa's pontiff
• what were lucius tarquinius priscus' intiatives?

  - created open air sewers

  - created the circus maximus which included etruscan boxing and spoils of war

  - added 100 of his men to the senate to consolidate power

  - extended the forum

  - increased the number of vestal virgins to 6 and introduced stricter punishments for them
• what were servius tullius' initiatives?

  - created the census

  - built the temple of diana which helped to strengthen ties between rome and latin cities

  - gave enemy land to plebeians

  - created a voting system where votes were cast according to wealth
• what were lucius tarquinius superbus' initiatives?

  - banned religious ceremonies as he became anxious about people plotting against him

  - built temples across rome dedicated to jupiter

  - improved sanitation and hygiene

  - killed important senators

  - forced the plebeians to become labourers and build the circus maximus

  - seized the throne by force

  - treated the plebeians unfairly

  - started a 200 year war with the volsci
• how did romulus die?

  - he was taken up by a storm cloud which was said to be mars taking romulus up to heaven

  - or he was killed by 100 angry senators
• how did tullus hostilius die?

  - he neglected his religious initiatives

  - stones fell from the alban mountain which the albans took as the gods telling them to not worship roman gods but alban gods

  - the romans agreed and held a religious festival for 9 days but soon after a plague broke out

  - tullus began to be more religious and superstitious

  - he recited a rite wrong which made jupiter angry, so he struck tullus' palace with lightning and caused a fire which killed tullus
• how did lucius tarquinius priscus die?

  - killed by a shepherd from a strike to the head with an axe

  - two shepherds were told to kills priscus by ancus' sons who were angry that servius would get the throne after priscus
• how did servius tullius die?


  - thrown down a flight of stairs by superbus

  - killed by assassins then his body was ran over by his daughter, young tullia
• how did lucius tarquinius priscus get the throne?

  - ancus died and a new king needed to be elected

  - ancus' sons were near the age to be elected

  - priscus sends the sons off on a hunting trip before the election

  - as the sons are away, priscus gives a speech saying that he is the right age for roman politics, he was taught roman culture by ancus and that rome has accepted foreigners before and they were successful

  - this wins the people over and he is chosen to be king
• how did servius tullius get the throne?

  - servius was the adopted son of priscus and his wife tanaquil, originally the son of a slave

  - after priscus' death, tanaquil tells the people of rome that priscus was injured and is recovering

  - claims that while priscus recovers, servius while reigns

  - priscus' death is eventually known

  - servius is ruling without permission but is later given consent by the patricians
• how did superbus get the throne?

  - superbus insults servius to the senate, says he only became king because of tanaquil and that he does not deserve to be king because he was the son of a slave

  - servius hears of this and goes to the senate house

  - servius gets carried out by superbus and is thrown down the steps of the senate house

  - servius gets up and tries to make his way to the senate house but is killed by superbus' men

  - superbus is hailed king by servius' remaining daughter, young tullia