Organisation

• What is an organelle?

  Specialised unit within a cell performing a specific function
• What is a cell?

  Basic building block of all living organisms
• What is a tissue?

  Groups of cells working together with a similar structure and function
• What is an organ?

  Collections of tissues performing specific functions
• What is an organ system?

  Group of organs working together to perform a certain function within the body
• Mouth

  Begins digestion of starch
• Stomach

  Begins digestion of protein
• Small intestine


  Begins lipid digestions. completes digestion of starch and protein into amino acid
• Large intestine

  Absorption of water
• What are enzymes used for?

  Break down food in the gut into smaller molecules
• What must organisms do?

  Take in food, water, oxygen and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Remove waste products
• What do small organisms do?


  Exchange substances and waste substances between themselves and the environment using their body surface. Surface area determines how fast they absorb these substances
• Why do we need body systems?


  Add additional absorbing area
• How can the effectiveness of exchange surfaces in plants be increased?

  Large surface area, short distance required for diffusion
• How do plants have a large surface area?

  flattened structure (leaves), alveoli in respiratory system, villi in digestive system
• Examples of short distance for diffusion


  Membrane of cell, flattened structure, thin capillary walls, thin villi in small intestine
• How can the effectiveness of exchange surfaces be increased in animals?

  efficient blood supply to transport molecules to and from the exchange surfaces
• What does breathing do?


  Brings air to and removes air from alveoli. The moving blood and ventilation means a steep con gradient is maintained increasing effective exchange
• What is the respiratory system adapted to do?


  Allows air to pass in and out of the body for efficient gas exchange to happen
• What do the lungs provide?


  An exchange system adapted to absorb oxygen into the blood and transfer carbon dioxide into the lungs then air
• Where does the exchange of gas occur?

  Alveoli and blood in capillaries
• Adaptations of the lungs


  Thin alveolus walls to give short distance for diffusion, large surface area for diffusion, maintained steel diffusion gradient due to ventilation
• Function of carbohydrates 


  Energy
• Function of protein

  Growth and repair
• Function of lipids

  Energy, part of cell membrane
• What does amylase digest?

  Starch
• What does amylase produce?

  Glucose
• Where is amylase made?

  Salivary glands, small intestine, pancreas
• What does protease digest?

  Protein
• What does protease produce?

  Amino acids
• Where is protease made?

  Small intestine, pancreas
• What does lipase digest?

  Fats
• What does lipase produce?

  Fatty acids and glycerol
• Where is lipase made?

  Small intestine, pancreas and stomach
• What makes the plant cell walls?

  Cellulose which can’t be broken down by the digestive system
• Where do glucose molecules go once absorbed?

  Transported to cells and used for respiration and reassembled into glycogen
• Where is glucose stored in plants?


  Converted into storage
• Where is glucose stored in humans?

  Stored in glycogen
• What are enzymes?


  Biological catalysts used to speed up reactions
• What is the active site?

  Where chemicals reactions take place